www/plugins/auto/verifier/inc/is_email.php

   1 <?php
   2
   3 if (!defined("_ECRIRE_INC_VERSION")) return;
   4
   5 /**
   6  * @package     isemail
   7  * @author      Dominic Sayers <dominic_sayers@hotmail.com>
   8  * @copyright   2009 Dominic Sayers
   9  * @license     http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php BSD License
  10  * @link        http://www.dominicsayers.com/isemail
  11  * @version     1.16 - Added optional diagnosis codes (amended all lines with a return statement)
  12  */
  13
  14 /*
  15 Copyright (c) 2008-2010, Dominic Sayers
  16 All rights reserved.
  17
  18 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
  19 are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
  20
  21  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
  22    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  23  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  24    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  25    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  26  * Neither the name of Dominic Sayers nor the names of its contributors may be
  27    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
  28    specific prior written permission.
  29
  30 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
  31 ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
  32 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
  33 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
  34 ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
  35 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
  36 LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
  37 ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  38 (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
  39 SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  40 */
  41
  42 /*.
  43         require_module 'standard';
  44         require_module 'pcre';
  45 .*/
  46 /*.mixed.*/ function is_email (/*.string.*/ $email, $checkDNS = false, $diagnose = false) {
  47         // Check that $email is a valid address. Read the following RFCs to understand the constraints:
  48         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322)
  49         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696)
  50         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321)
  51         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291#section-2.2)
  52         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-2.1)
  53
  54         if (!defined('ISEMAIL_VALID')) {
  55                 define('ISEMAIL_VALID'                  , 0);
  56                 define('ISEMAIL_TOOLONG'                , 1);
  57                 define('ISEMAIL_NOAT'                   , 2);
  58                 define('ISEMAIL_NOLOCALPART'            , 3);
  59                 define('ISEMAIL_NODOMAIN'               , 4);
  60                 define('ISEMAIL_ZEROLENGTHELEMENT'      , 5);
  61                 define('ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENT_START'       , 6);
  62                 define('ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENT_END'         , 7);
  63                 define('ISEMAIL_UNESCAPEDDELIM'         , 8);
  64                 define('ISEMAIL_EMPTYELEMENT'           , 9);
  65                 define('ISEMAIL_UNESCAPEDSPECIAL'       , 10);
  66                 define('ISEMAIL_LOCALTOOLONG'           , 11);
  67                 define('ISEMAIL_IPV4BADPREFIX'          , 12);
  68                 define('ISEMAIL_IPV6BADPREFIXMIXED'     , 13);
  69                 define('ISEMAIL_IPV6BADPREFIX'          , 14);
  70                 define('ISEMAIL_IPV6GROUPCOUNT'         , 15);
  71                 define('ISEMAIL_IPV6DOUBLEDOUBLECOLON'  , 16);
  72                 define('ISEMAIL_IPV6BADCHAR'            , 17);
  73                 define('ISEMAIL_IPV6TOOMANYGROUPS'      , 18);
  74                 define('ISEMAIL_TLD'                    , 19);
  75                 define('ISEMAIL_DOMAINEMPTYELEMENT'     , 20);
  76                 define('ISEMAIL_DOMAINELEMENTTOOLONG'   , 21);
  77                 define('ISEMAIL_DOMAINBADCHAR'          , 22);
  78                 define('ISEMAIL_DOMAINTOOLONG'          , 23);
  79                 define('ISEMAIL_TLDNUMERIC'             , 24);
  80                 define('ISEMAIL_DOMAINNOTFOUND'         , 25);
  81                 define('ISEMAIL_NOTDEFINED'             , 99);
  82         }
  83
  84         // the upper limit on address lengths should normally be considered to be 256
  85         //      (http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=3696)
  86         //      NB I think John Klensin is misreading RFC 5321 and the the limit should actually be 254
  87         //      However, I will stick to the published number until it is changed.
  88         //
  89         // The maximum total length of a reverse-path or forward-path is 256
  90         // characters (including the punctuation and element separators)
  91         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-4.5.3.1.3)
  92         $emailLength = strlen($email);
  93         if ($emailLength > 256)                 return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_TOOLONG      : false;        // Too long
  94
  95         // Contemporary email addresses consist of a "local part" separated from
  96         // a "domain part" (a fully-qualified domain name) by an at-sign ("@").
  97         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-3)
  98         $atIndex = strrpos($email,'@');
  99
 100         if ($atIndex === false)                 return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_NOAT         : false;        // No at-sign
 101         if ($atIndex === 0)                     return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_NOLOCALPART  : false;        // No local part
 102         if ($atIndex === $emailLength - 1)      return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_NODOMAIN     : false;        // No domain part
 103 // revision 1.14: Length test bug suggested by Andrew Campbell of Gloucester, MA
 104
 105         // Sanitize comments
 106         // - remove nested comments, quotes and dots in comments
 107         // - remove parentheses and dots from quoted strings
 108         $braceDepth     = 0;
 109         $inQuote        = false;
 110         $escapeThisChar = false;
 111
 112         for ($i = 0; $i < $emailLength; ++$i) {
 113                 $char = $email[$i];
 114                 $replaceChar = false;
 115
 116                 if ($char === '\\') {
 117                         $escapeThisChar = !$escapeThisChar;     // Escape the next character?
 118                 } else {
 119                         switch ($char) {
 120                         case '(':
 121                                 if ($escapeThisChar) {
 122                                         $replaceChar = true;
 123                                 } else {
 124                                         if ($inQuote) {
 125                                                 $replaceChar = true;
 126                                         } else {
 127                                                 if ($braceDepth++ > 0) $replaceChar = true;     // Increment brace depth
 128                                         }
 129                                 }
 130
 131                                 break;
 132                         case ')':
 133                                 if ($escapeThisChar) {
 134                                         $replaceChar = true;
 135                                 } else {
 136                                         if ($inQuote) {
 137                                                 $replaceChar = true;
 138                                         } else {
 139                                                 if (--$braceDepth > 0) $replaceChar = true;     // Decrement brace depth
 140                                                 if ($braceDepth < 0) $braceDepth = 0;
 141                                         }
 142                                 }
 143
 144                                 break;
 145                         case '"':
 146                                 if ($escapeThisChar) {
 147                                         $replaceChar = true;
 148                                 } else {
 149                                         if ($braceDepth === 0) {
 150                                                 $inQuote = !$inQuote;   // Are we inside a quoted string?
 151                                         } else {
 152                                                 $replaceChar = true;
 153                                         }
 154                                 }
 155
 156                                 break;
 157                         case '.':       // Dots don't help us either
 158                                 if ($escapeThisChar) {
 159                                         $replaceChar = true;
 160                                 } else {
 161                                         if ($braceDepth > 0) $replaceChar = true;
 162                                 }
 163
 164                                 break;
 165                         default:
 166                         }
 167
 168                         $escapeThisChar = false;
 169 //                      if ($replaceChar) $email[$i] = 'x';     // Replace the offending character with something harmless
 170 // revision 1.12: Line above replaced because PHPLint doesn't like that syntax
 171                         if ($replaceChar) $email = (string) substr_replace($email, 'x', $i, 1); // Replace the offending character with something harmless
 172                 }
 173         }
 174
 175         $localPart      = substr($email, 0, $atIndex);
 176         $domain         = substr($email, $atIndex + 1);
 177         $FWS            = "(?:(?:(?:[ \\t]*(?:\\r\\n))?[ \\t]+)|(?:[ \\t]+(?:(?:\\r\\n)[ \\t]+)*))";    // Folding white space
 178         // Let's check the local part for RFC compliance...
 179         //
 180         // local-part      =       dot-atom / quoted-string / obs-local-part
 181         // obs-local-part  =       word *("." word)
 182         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322#section-3.4.1)
 183         //
 184         // Problem: need to distinguish between "first.last" and "first"."last"
 185         // (i.e. one element or two). And I suck at regexes.
 186         $dotArray       = /*. (array[int]string) .*/ preg_split('/\\.(?=(?:[^\\"]*\\"[^\\"]*\\")*(?![^\\"]*\\"))/m', $localPart);
 187         $partLength     = 0;
 188
 189         foreach ($dotArray as $element) {
 190                 // Remove any leading or trailing FWS
 191                 $element        = preg_replace("/^$FWS|$FWS\$/", '', $element);
 192                 $elementLength  = strlen($element);
 193
 194                 if ($elementLength === 0)                                                               return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_ZEROLENGTHELEMENT    : false;        // Can't have empty element (consecutive dots or dots at the start or end)
 195 // revision 1.15: Speed up the test and get rid of "unitialized string offset" notices from PHP
 196
 197                 // We need to remove any valid comments (i.e. those at the start or end of the element)
 198                 if ($element[0] === '(') {
 199                         $indexBrace = strpos($element, ')');
 200                         if ($indexBrace !== false) {
 201                                 if (preg_match('/(?<!\\\\)[\\(\\)]/', substr($element, 1, $indexBrace - 1)) > 0) {
 202                                                                                                         return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENT_START     : false;        // Illegal characters in comment
 203                                 }
 204                                 $element        = substr($element, $indexBrace + 1, $elementLength - $indexBrace - 1);
 205                                 $elementLength  = strlen($element);
 206                         }
 207                 }
 208
 209                 if ($element[$elementLength - 1] === ')') {
 210                         $indexBrace = strrpos($element, '(');
 211                         if ($indexBrace !== false) {
 212                                 if (preg_match('/(?<!\\\\)(?:[\\(\\)])/', substr($element, $indexBrace + 1, $elementLength - $indexBrace - 2)) > 0) {
 213                                                                                                         return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENT_END       : false;        // Illegal characters in comment
 214                                 }
 215                                 $element        = substr($element, 0, $indexBrace);
 216                                 $elementLength  = strlen($element);
 217                         }
 218                 }
 219
 220                 // Remove any leading or trailing FWS around the element (inside any comments)
 221                 $element = preg_replace("/^$FWS|$FWS\$/", '', $element);
 222
 223                 // What's left counts towards the maximum length for this part
 224                 if ($partLength > 0) $partLength++;     // for the dot
 225                 $partLength += strlen($element);
 226
 227                 // Each dot-delimited component can be an atom or a quoted string
 228                 // (because of the obs-local-part provision)
 229                 if (preg_match('/^"(?:.)*"$/s', $element) > 0) {
 230                         // Quoted-string tests:
 231                         //
 232                         // Remove any FWS
 233                         $element = preg_replace("/(?<!\\\\)$FWS/", '', $element);
 234                         // My regex skillz aren't up to distinguishing between \" \\" \\\" \\\\" etc.
 235                         // So remove all \\ from the string first...
 236                         $element = preg_replace('/\\\\\\\\/', ' ', $element);
 237                         if (preg_match('/(?<!\\\\|^)["\\r\\n\\x00](?!$)|\\\\"$|""/', $element) > 0)     return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_UNESCAPEDDELIM       : false;        // ", CR, LF and NUL must be escaped, "" is too short
 238                 } else {
 239                         // Unquoted string tests:
 240                         //
 241                         // Period (".") may...appear, but may not be used to start or end the
 242                         // local part, nor may two or more consecutive periods appear.
 243                         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-3)
 244                         //
 245                         // A zero-length element implies a period at the beginning or end of the
 246                         // local part, or two periods together. Either way it's not allowed.
 247                         if ($element === '')                                                            return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_EMPTYELEMENT : false;        // Dots in wrong place
 248
 249                         // Any ASCII graphic (printing) character other than the
 250                         // at-sign ("@"), backslash, double quote, comma, or square brackets may
 251                         // appear without quoting.  If any of that list of excluded characters
 252                         // are to appear, they must be quoted
 253                         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-3)
 254                         //
 255                         // Any excluded characters? i.e. 0x00-0x20, (, ), <, >, [, ], :, ;, @, \, comma, period, "
 256                         if (preg_match('/[\\x00-\\x20\\(\\)<>\\[\\]:;@\\\\,\\."]/', $element) > 0)      return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_UNESCAPEDSPECIAL     : false;        // These characters must be in a quoted string
 257                 }
 258         }
 259
 260         if ($partLength > 64) return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_LOCALTOOLONG   : false;        // Local part must be 64 characters or less
 261
 262         // Now let's check the domain part...
 263
 264         // The domain name can also be replaced by an IP address in square brackets
 265         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-3)
 266         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-4.1.3)
 267         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291#section-2.2)
 268         if (preg_match('/^\\[(.)+]$/', $domain) === 1) {
 269                 // It's an address-literal
 270                 $addressLiteral = substr($domain, 1, strlen($domain) - 2);
 271                 $matchesIP      = array();
 272
 273                 // Extract IPv4 part from the end of the address-literal (if there is one)
 274                 if (preg_match('/\\b(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\\.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)$/', $addressLiteral, $matchesIP) > 0) {
 275                         $index = strrpos($addressLiteral, $matchesIP[0]);
 276
 277                         if ($index === 0) {
 278                                 // Nothing there except a valid IPv4 address, so...
 279                                 return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_VALID : true;
 280                         } else {
 281                                 // Assume it's an attempt at a mixed address (IPv6 + IPv4)
 282                                 if ($addressLiteral[$index - 1] !== ':')        return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_IPV4BADPREFIX        : false;        // Character preceding IPv4 address must be ':'
 283                                 if (substr($addressLiteral, 0, 5) !== 'IPv6:')  return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_IPV6BADPREFIXMIXED   : false;        // RFC5321 section 4.1.3
 284
 285                                 $IPv6           = substr($addressLiteral, 5, ($index ===7) ? 2 : $index - 6);
 286                                 $groupMax       = 6;
 287                         }
 288                 } else {
 289                         // It must be an attempt at pure IPv6
 290                         if (substr($addressLiteral, 0, 5) !== 'IPv6:')          return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_IPV6BADPREFIX        : false;        // RFC5321 section 4.1.3
 291                         $IPv6 = substr($addressLiteral, 5);
 292                         $groupMax = 8;
 293                 }
 294
 295                 $groupCount     = preg_match_all('/^[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}|\\:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}|(.)/', $IPv6, $matchesIP);
 296                 $index          = strpos($IPv6,'::');
 297
 298                 if ($index === false) {
 299                         // We need exactly the right number of groups
 300                         if ($groupCount !== $groupMax)                          return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_IPV6GROUPCOUNT       : false;        // RFC5321 section 4.1.3
 301                 } else {
 302                         if ($index !== strrpos($IPv6,'::'))                     return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_IPV6DOUBLEDOUBLECOLON : false;       // More than one '::'
 303                         $groupMax = ($index === 0 || $index === (strlen($IPv6) - 2)) ? $groupMax : $groupMax - 1;
 304                         if ($groupCount > $groupMax)                            return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_IPV6TOOMANYGROUPS    : false;        // Too many IPv6 groups in address
 305                 }
 306
 307                 // Check for unmatched characters
 308                 array_multisort($matchesIP[1], SORT_DESC);
 309                 if ($matchesIP[1][0] !== '')                                    return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_IPV6BADCHAR          : false;        // Illegal characters in address
 310
 311                 // It's a valid IPv6 address, so...
 312                 return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_VALID : true;
 313         } else {
 314                 // It's a domain name...
 315
 316                 // The syntax of a legal Internet host name was specified in RFC-952
 317                 // One aspect of host name syntax is hereby changed: the
 318                 // restriction on the first character is relaxed to allow either a
 319                 // letter or a digit.
 320                 //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-2.1)
 321                 //
 322                 // NB RFC 1123 updates RFC 1035, but this is not currently apparent from reading RFC 1035.
 323                 //
 324                 // Most common applications, including email and the Web, will generally not
 325                 // permit...escaped strings
 326                 //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-2)
 327                 //
 328                 // the better strategy has now become to make the "at least one period" test,
 329                 // to verify LDH conformance (including verification that the apparent TLD name
 330                 // is not all-numeric)
 331                 //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-2)
 332                 //
 333                 // Characters outside the set of alphabetic characters, digits, and hyphen MUST NOT appear in domain name
 334                 // labels for SMTP clients or servers
 335                 //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-4.1.2)
 336                 //
 337                 // RFC5321 precludes the use of a trailing dot in a domain name for SMTP purposes
 338                 //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-4.1.2)
 339                 $dotArray       = /*. (array[int]string) .*/ preg_split('/\\.(?=(?:[^\\"]*\\"[^\\"]*\\")*(?![^\\"]*\\"))/m', $domain);
 340                 $partLength     = 0;
 341                 $element        = ''; // Since we use $element after the foreach loop let's make sure it has a value
 342 // revision 1.13: Line above added because PHPLint now checks for Definitely Assigned Variables
 343
 344                 if (count($dotArray) === 1)                                     return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_TLD  : false;        // Mail host can't be a TLD (cite? What about localhost?)
 345
 346                 foreach ($dotArray as $element) {
 347                         // Remove any leading or trailing FWS
 348                         $element        = preg_replace("/^$FWS|$FWS\$/", '', $element);
 349                         $elementLength  = strlen($element);
 350
 351                         // Each dot-delimited component must be of type atext
 352                         // A zero-length element implies a period at the beginning or end of the
 353                         // local part, or two periods together. Either way it's not allowed.
 354                         if ($elementLength === 0)                               return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_DOMAINEMPTYELEMENT   : false;        // Dots in wrong place
 355 // revision 1.15: Speed up the test and get rid of "unitialized string offset" notices from PHP
 356
 357                         // Then we need to remove all valid comments (i.e. those at the start or end of the element
 358                         if ($element[0] === '(') {
 359                                 $indexBrace = strpos($element, ')');
 360                                 if ($indexBrace !== false) {
 361                                         if (preg_match('/(?<!\\\\)[\\(\\)]/', substr($element, 1, $indexBrace - 1)) > 0) {
 362                                                                                 return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENTSTART      : false;        // Illegal characters in comment
 363                                         }
 364                                         $element        = substr($element, $indexBrace + 1, $elementLength - $indexBrace - 1);
 365                                         $elementLength  = strlen($element);
 366                                 }
 367                         }
 368
 369                         if ($element[$elementLength - 1] === ')') {
 370                                 $indexBrace = strrpos($element, '(');
 371                                 if ($indexBrace !== false) {
 372                                         if (preg_match('/(?<!\\\\)(?:[\\(\\)])/', substr($element, $indexBrace + 1, $elementLength - $indexBrace - 2)) > 0)
 373                                                                                 return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_BADCOMMENTEND        : false;        // Illegal characters in comment
 374
 375                                         $element        = substr($element, 0, $indexBrace);
 376                                         $elementLength  = strlen($element);
 377                                 }
 378                         }
 379
 380                         // Remove any leading or trailing FWS around the element (inside any comments)
 381                         $element = preg_replace("/^$FWS|$FWS\$/", '', $element);
 382
 383                         // What's left counts towards the maximum length for this part
 384                         if ($partLength > 0) $partLength++;     // for the dot
 385                         $partLength += strlen($element);
 386
 387                         // The DNS defines domain name syntax very generally -- a
 388                         // string of labels each containing up to 63 8-bit octets,
 389                         // separated by dots, and with a maximum total of 255
 390                         // octets.
 391                         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-6.1.3.5)
 392                         if ($elementLength > 63)                                return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_DOMAINELEMENTTOOLONG : false;        // Label must be 63 characters or less
 393
 394                         // Any ASCII graphic (printing) character other than the
 395                         // at-sign ("@"), backslash, double quote, comma, or square brackets may
 396                         // appear without quoting.  If any of that list of excluded characters
 397                         // are to appear, they must be quoted
 398                         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-3)
 399                         //
 400                         // If the hyphen is used, it is not permitted to appear at
 401                         // either the beginning or end of a label.
 402                         //      (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696#section-2)
 403                         //
 404                         // Any excluded characters? i.e. 0x00-0x20, (, ), <, >, [, ], :, ;, @, \, comma, period, "
 405                         if (preg_match('/[\\x00-\\x20\\(\\)<>\\[\\]:;@\\\\,\\."]|^-|-$/', $element) > 0) {
 406                                                                                 return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_DOMAINBADCHAR        : false;
 407                         }
 408                 }
 409
 410                 if ($partLength > 255)                                          return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_DOMAINTOOLONG        : false;        // Domain part must be 255 characters or less (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-6.1.3.5)
 411
 412                 if (preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $element) > 0)                     return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_TLDNUMERIC           : false;        // TLD can't be all-numeric (http://www.apps.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3696.html#sec-2)
 413
 414                 // Check DNS?
 415                 if ($checkDNS && function_exists('checkdnsrr')) {
 416                         if (!(checkdnsrr($domain, 'A') || checkdnsrr($domain, 'MX'))) {
 417                                                                                 return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_DOMAINNOTFOUND       : false;        // Domain doesn't actually exist
 418                         }
 419                 }
 420         }
 421
 422         // Eliminate all other factors, and the one which remains must be the truth.
 423         //      (Sherlock Holmes, The Sign of Four)
 424         return $diagnose ? ISEMAIL_VALID : true;
 425 }
 426 ?>