In the $clearState=true case, remove strip marker prefixes from the Parser::parse...

In the $clearState=true case, remove strip marker prefixes from the Parser::parse() input. It's only possible for strip markers to be present in this case if the caller manages to guess the output of Parser::getRandomString() in advance. Even if that is possible, it's not recommended as a robust calling procedure.

Also cleaned up some old commented-out code in this area.