Add a Database::getType() function so that we can get rid of $wgDBtype in favour...

[lhc/web/wiklou.git] / includes / db / Database.php

<?php
/**
 * @defgroup Database Database
 *
 * @file
 * @ingroup Database
 * This file deals with MySQL interface functions
 * and query specifics/optimisations
 */

/** Number of times to re-try an operation in case of deadlock */
define( 'DEADLOCK_TRIES', 4 );
/** Minimum time to wait before retry, in microseconds */
define( 'DEADLOCK_DELAY_MIN', 500000 );
/** Maximum time to wait before retry */
define( 'DEADLOCK_DELAY_MAX', 1500000 );

/**
 * Database abstraction object
 * @ingroup Database
 */
abstract class DatabaseBase {

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Variables
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        protected $mLastQuery = '';
        protected $mDoneWrites = false;
        protected $mPHPError = false;

        protected $mServer, $mUser, $mPassword, $mConn = null, $mDBname;
        protected $mOpened = false;

        protected $mFailFunction;
        protected $mTablePrefix;
        protected $mFlags;
        protected $mTrxLevel = 0;
        protected $mErrorCount = 0;
        protected $mLBInfo = array();
        protected $mFakeSlaveLag = null, $mFakeMaster = false;
        protected $mDefaultBigSelects = null;

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Accessors
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        # These optionally set a variable and return the previous state

        /**
         * Fail function, takes a Database as a parameter
         * Set to false for default, 1 for ignore errors
         */
        function failFunction( $function = null ) {
                return wfSetVar( $this->mFailFunction, $function );
        }

        /**
         * Output page, used for reporting errors
         * FALSE means discard output
         */
        function setOutputPage( $out ) {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__ );
        }

        /**
         * Boolean, controls output of large amounts of debug information
         */
        function debug( $debug = null ) {
                return wfSetBit( $this->mFlags, DBO_DEBUG, $debug );
        }

        /**
         * Turns buffering of SQL result sets on (true) or off (false).
         * Default is "on" and it should not be changed without good reasons.
         */
        function bufferResults( $buffer = null ) {
                if ( is_null( $buffer ) ) {
                        return !(bool)( $this->mFlags & DBO_NOBUFFER );
                } else {
                        return !wfSetBit( $this->mFlags, DBO_NOBUFFER, !$buffer );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Turns on (false) or off (true) the automatic generation and sending
         * of a "we're sorry, but there has been a database error" page on
         * database errors. Default is on (false). When turned off, the
         * code should use lastErrno() and lastError() to handle the
         * situation as appropriate.
         */
        function ignoreErrors( $ignoreErrors = null ) {
                return wfSetBit( $this->mFlags, DBO_IGNORE, $ignoreErrors );
        }

        /**
         * The current depth of nested transactions
         * @param $level Integer: , default NULL.
         */
        function trxLevel( $level = null ) {
                return wfSetVar( $this->mTrxLevel, $level );
        }

        /**
         * Number of errors logged, only useful when errors are ignored
         */
        function errorCount( $count = null ) {
                return wfSetVar( $this->mErrorCount, $count );
        }

        function tablePrefix( $prefix = null ) {
                return wfSetVar( $this->mTablePrefix, $prefix );
        }

        /**
         * Properties passed down from the server info array of the load balancer
         */
        function getLBInfo( $name = null ) {
                if ( is_null( $name ) ) {
                        return $this->mLBInfo;
                } else {
                        if ( array_key_exists( $name, $this->mLBInfo ) ) {
                                return $this->mLBInfo[$name];
                        } else {
                                return null;
                        }
                }
        }

        function setLBInfo( $name, $value = null ) {
                if ( is_null( $value ) ) {
                        $this->mLBInfo = $name;
                } else {
                        $this->mLBInfo[$name] = $value;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Set lag time in seconds for a fake slave
         */
        function setFakeSlaveLag( $lag ) {
                $this->mFakeSlaveLag = $lag;
        }

        /**
         * Make this connection a fake master
         */
        function setFakeMaster( $enabled = true ) {
                $this->mFakeMaster = $enabled;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if this database supports (and uses) cascading deletes
         */
        function cascadingDeletes() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if this database supports (and uses) triggers (e.g. on the page table)
         */
        function cleanupTriggers() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if this database is strict about what can be put into an IP field.
         * Specifically, it uses a NULL value instead of an empty string.
         */
        function strictIPs() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if this database uses timestamps rather than integers
        */
        function realTimestamps() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if this database does an implicit sort when doing GROUP BY
         */
        function implicitGroupby() {
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if this database does an implicit order by when the column has an index
         * For example: SELECT page_title FROM page LIMIT 1
         */
        function implicitOrderby() {
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if this database requires that SELECT DISTINCT queries require that all 
       ORDER BY expressions occur in the SELECT list per the SQL92 standard
         */
        function standardSelectDistinct() {
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if this database can do a native search on IP columns
         * e.g. this works as expected: .. WHERE rc_ip = '127.42.12.102/32';
         */
        function searchableIPs() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if this database can use functional indexes
         */
        function functionalIndexes() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Return the last query that went through Database::query()
         * @return String
         */
        function lastQuery() { return $this->mLastQuery; }


        /**
         * Returns true if the connection may have been used for write queries.
         * Should return true if unsure.
         */
        function doneWrites() { return $this->mDoneWrites; }

        /**
         * Is a connection to the database open?
         * @return Boolean
         */
        function isOpen() { return $this->mOpened; }

        /**
         * Set a flag for this connection
         *
         * @param $flag Integer: DBO_* constants from Defines.php:
         *   - DBO_DEBUG: output some debug info (same as debug())
         *   - DBO_NOBUFFER: don't buffer results (inverse of bufferResults())
         *   - DBO_IGNORE: ignore errors (same as ignoreErrors())
         *   - DBO_TRX: automatically start transactions
         *   - DBO_DEFAULT: automatically sets DBO_TRX if not in command line mode
         *       and removes it in command line mode
         *   - DBO_PERSISTENT: use persistant database connection 
         */
        function setFlag( $flag ) {
                $this->mFlags |= $flag;
        }

        /**
         * Clear a flag for this connection
         *
         * @param $flag: same as setFlag()'s $flag param
         */
        function clearFlag( $flag ) {
                $this->mFlags &= ~$flag;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a boolean whether the flag $flag is set for this connection
         *
         * @param $flag: same as setFlag()'s $flag param
         * @return Boolean
         */
        function getFlag( $flag ) {
                return !!($this->mFlags & $flag);
        }

        /**
         * General read-only accessor
         */
        function getProperty( $name ) {
                return $this->$name;
        }

        function getWikiID() {
                if( $this->mTablePrefix ) {
                        return "{$this->mDBname}-{$this->mTablePrefix}";
                } else {
                        return $this->mDBname;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get the type of the DBMS, as it appears in $wgDBtype.
         */
        function getType() {
                if ( preg_match( '/^Database(\w+)$/', get_class( $this ), $m ) ) {
                        return strtolower( $m[1] );
                } else {
                        throw new MWException( get_class( $this ) .'::getType: unable to determine type.' );
                }
        }

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Other functions
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Constructor.
         * @param $server String: database server host
         * @param $user String: database user name
         * @param $password String: database user password
         * @param $dbName String: database name
         * @param $failFunction
         * @param $flags
         * @param $tablePrefix String: database table prefixes. By default use the prefix gave in LocalSettings.php
         */
        function __construct( $server = false, $user = false, $password = false, $dbName = false,
                $failFunction = false, $flags = 0, $tablePrefix = 'get from global' ) {

                global $wgOut, $wgDBprefix, $wgCommandLineMode;
                # Can't get a reference if it hasn't been set yet
                if ( !isset( $wgOut ) ) {
                        $wgOut = null;
                }

                $this->mFailFunction = $failFunction;
                $this->mFlags = $flags;

                if ( $this->mFlags & DBO_DEFAULT ) {
                        if ( $wgCommandLineMode ) {
                                $this->mFlags &= ~DBO_TRX;
                        } else {
                                $this->mFlags |= DBO_TRX;
                        }
                }

                /*
                // Faster read-only access
                if ( wfReadOnly() ) {
                        $this->mFlags |= DBO_PERSISTENT;
                        $this->mFlags &= ~DBO_TRX;
                }*/

                /** Get the default table prefix*/
                if ( $tablePrefix == 'get from global' ) {
                        $this->mTablePrefix = $wgDBprefix;
                } else {
                        $this->mTablePrefix = $tablePrefix;
                }

                if ( $server ) {
                        $this->open( $server, $user, $password, $dbName );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Same as new DatabaseMysql( ... ), kept for backward compatibility
         * @param $server String: database server host
         * @param $user String: database user name
         * @param $password String: database user password
         * @param $dbName String: database name
         * @param failFunction
         * @param $flags
         */
        static function newFromParams( $server, $user, $password, $dbName, $failFunction = false, $flags = 0 )
        {
                return new DatabaseMysql( $server, $user, $password, $dbName, $failFunction, $flags );
        }

        /**
         * Usually aborts on failure
         * If the failFunction is set to a non-zero integer, returns success
         * @param $server String: database server host
         * @param $user String: database user name
         * @param $password String: database user password
         * @param $dbName String: database name
         */
        abstract function open( $server, $user, $password, $dbName );

        protected function installErrorHandler() {
                $this->mPHPError = false;
                $this->htmlErrors = ini_set( 'html_errors', '0' );
                set_error_handler( array( $this, 'connectionErrorHandler' ) );
        }

        protected function restoreErrorHandler() {
                restore_error_handler();
                if ( $this->htmlErrors !== false ) {
                        ini_set( 'html_errors', $this->htmlErrors );
                }
                if ( $this->mPHPError ) {
                        $error = preg_replace( '!\[<a.*</a>\]!', '', $this->mPHPError );
                        $error = preg_replace( '!^.*?:(.*)$!', '$1', $error );
                        return $error;
                } else {
                        return false;
                }
        }

        protected function connectionErrorHandler( $errno,  $errstr ) {
                $this->mPHPError = $errstr;
        }

        /**
         * Closes a database connection.
         * if it is open : commits any open transactions
         *
         * @return Bool operation success. true if already closed.
         */
        function close() {
                # Stub, should probably be overridden
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * @param $error String: fallback error message, used if none is given by MySQL
         */
        function reportConnectionError( $error = 'Unknown error' ) {
                $myError = $this->lastError();
                if ( $myError ) {
                        $error = $myError;
                }

                if ( $this->mFailFunction ) {
                        # Legacy error handling method
                        if ( !is_int( $this->mFailFunction ) ) {
                                $ff = $this->mFailFunction;
                                $ff( $this, $error );
                        }
                } else {
                        # New method
                        throw new DBConnectionError( $this, $error );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Determine whether a query writes to the DB.
         * Should return true if unsure.
         */
        function isWriteQuery( $sql ) {
                return !preg_match( '/^(?:SELECT|BEGIN|COMMIT|SET|SHOW|\(SELECT)\b/i', $sql );
        }

        /**
         * Usually aborts on failure.  If errors are explicitly ignored, returns success.
         *
         * @param  $sql        String: SQL query
         * @param  $fname      String: Name of the calling function, for profiling/SHOW PROCESSLIST 
         *     comment (you can use __METHOD__ or add some extra info)
         * @param  $tempIgnore Boolean:   Whether to avoid throwing an exception on errors... 
         *     maybe best to catch the exception instead?
         * @return true for a successful write query, ResultWrapper object for a successful read query, 
         *     or false on failure if $tempIgnore set
         * @throws DBQueryError Thrown when the database returns an error of any kind
         */
        public function query( $sql, $fname = '', $tempIgnore = false ) {
                global $wgProfiler;

                $isMaster = !is_null( $this->getLBInfo( 'master' ) );
                if ( isset( $wgProfiler ) ) {
                        # generalizeSQL will probably cut down the query to reasonable
                        # logging size most of the time. The substr is really just a sanity check.

                        # Who's been wasting my precious column space? -- TS
                        #$profName = 'query: ' . $fname . ' ' . substr( Database::generalizeSQL( $sql ), 0, 255 );

                        if ( $isMaster ) {
                                $queryProf = 'query-m: ' . substr( Database::generalizeSQL( $sql ), 0, 255 );
                                $totalProf = 'Database::query-master';
                        } else {
                                $queryProf = 'query: ' . substr( Database::generalizeSQL( $sql ), 0, 255 );
                                $totalProf = 'Database::query';
                        }
                        wfProfileIn( $totalProf );
                        wfProfileIn( $queryProf );
                }

                $this->mLastQuery = $sql;
                if ( !$this->mDoneWrites && $this->isWriteQuery( $sql ) ) {
                        // Set a flag indicating that writes have been done
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__.": Writes done: $sql\n" );
                        $this->mDoneWrites = true;
                }

                # Add a comment for easy SHOW PROCESSLIST interpretation
                #if ( $fname ) {
                        global $wgUser;
                        if ( is_object( $wgUser ) && !($wgUser instanceof StubObject) ) {
                                $userName = $wgUser->getName();
                                if ( mb_strlen( $userName ) > 15 ) {
                                        $userName = mb_substr( $userName, 0, 15 ) . '...';
                                }
                                $userName = str_replace( '/', '', $userName );
                        } else {
                                $userName = '';
                        }
                        $commentedSql = preg_replace('/\s/', " /* $fname $userName */ ", $sql, 1);
                #} else {
                #       $commentedSql = $sql;
                #}

                # If DBO_TRX is set, start a transaction
                if ( ( $this->mFlags & DBO_TRX ) && !$this->trxLevel() && 
                        $sql != 'BEGIN' && $sql != 'COMMIT' && $sql != 'ROLLBACK') {
                        // avoid establishing transactions for SHOW and SET statements too -
                        // that would delay transaction initializations to once connection 
                        // is really used by application
                        $sqlstart = substr($sql,0,10); // very much worth it, benchmark certified(tm)
                        if (strpos($sqlstart,"SHOW ")!==0 and strpos($sqlstart,"SET ")!==0) 
                                $this->begin(); 
                }

                if ( $this->debug() ) {
                        $sqlx = substr( $commentedSql, 0, 500 );
                        $sqlx = strtr( $sqlx, "\t\n", '  ' );
                        if ( $isMaster ) {
                                wfDebug( "SQL-master: $sqlx\n" );
                        } else {
                                wfDebug( "SQL: $sqlx\n" );
                        }
                }

                if ( istainted( $sql ) & TC_MYSQL ) {
                        throw new MWException( 'Tainted query found' );
                }

                # Do the query and handle errors
                $ret = $this->doQuery( $commentedSql );

                # Try reconnecting if the connection was lost
                if ( false === $ret && $this->wasErrorReissuable() ) {
                        # Transaction is gone, like it or not
                        $this->mTrxLevel = 0;
                        wfDebug( "Connection lost, reconnecting...\n" );
                        if ( $this->ping() ) {
                                wfDebug( "Reconnected\n" );
                                $sqlx = substr( $commentedSql, 0, 500 );
                                $sqlx = strtr( $sqlx, "\t\n", '  ' );
                                global $wgRequestTime;
                                $elapsed = round( microtime(true) - $wgRequestTime, 3 );
                                wfLogDBError( "Connection lost and reconnected after {$elapsed}s, query: $sqlx\n" );
                                $ret = $this->doQuery( $commentedSql );
                        } else {
                                wfDebug( "Failed\n" );
                        }
                }

                if ( false === $ret ) {
                        $this->reportQueryError( $this->lastError(), $this->lastErrno(), $sql, $fname, $tempIgnore );
                }

                if ( isset( $wgProfiler ) ) {
                        wfProfileOut( $queryProf );
                        wfProfileOut( $totalProf );
                }
                return $this->resultObject( $ret );
        }

        /**
         * The DBMS-dependent part of query()
         * @param  $sql String: SQL query.
         * @return Result object to feed to fetchObject, fetchRow, ...; or false on failure
         * @private
         */
        /*private*/ abstract function doQuery( $sql );

        /**
         * @param $error String
         * @param $errno Integer
         * @param $sql String
         * @param $fname String
         * @param $tempIgnore Boolean
         */
        function reportQueryError( $error, $errno, $sql, $fname, $tempIgnore = false ) {
                global $wgCommandLineMode;
                # Ignore errors during error handling to avoid infinite recursion
                $ignore = $this->ignoreErrors( true );
                ++$this->mErrorCount;

                if( $ignore || $tempIgnore ) {
                        wfDebug("SQL ERROR (ignored): $error\n");
                        $this->ignoreErrors( $ignore );
                } else {
                        $sql1line = str_replace( "\n", "\\n", $sql );
                        wfLogDBError("$fname\t{$this->mServer}\t$errno\t$error\t$sql1line\n");
                        wfDebug("SQL ERROR: " . $error . "\n");
                        throw new DBQueryError( $this, $error, $errno, $sql, $fname );
                }
        }


        /**
         * Intended to be compatible with the PEAR::DB wrapper functions.
         * http://pear.php.net/manual/en/package.database.db.intro-execute.php
         *
         * ? = scalar value, quoted as necessary
         * ! = raw SQL bit (a function for instance)
         * & = filename; reads the file and inserts as a blob
         *     (we don't use this though...)
         */
        function prepare( $sql, $func = 'Database::prepare' ) {
                /* MySQL doesn't support prepared statements (yet), so just
                   pack up the query for reference. We'll manually replace
                   the bits later. */
                return array( 'query' => $sql, 'func' => $func );
        }

        function freePrepared( $prepared ) {
                /* No-op for MySQL */
        }

        /**
         * Execute a prepared query with the various arguments
         * @param $prepared String: the prepared sql
         * @param $args Mixed: Either an array here, or put scalars as varargs
         */
        function execute( $prepared, $args = null ) {
                if( !is_array( $args ) ) {
                        # Pull the var args
                        $args = func_get_args();
                        array_shift( $args );
                }
                $sql = $this->fillPrepared( $prepared['query'], $args );
                return $this->query( $sql, $prepared['func'] );
        }

        /**
         * Prepare & execute an SQL statement, quoting and inserting arguments
         * in the appropriate places.
         * @param $query String
         * @param $args ...
         */
        function safeQuery( $query, $args = null ) {
                $prepared = $this->prepare( $query, 'Database::safeQuery' );
                if( !is_array( $args ) ) {
                        # Pull the var args
                        $args = func_get_args();
                        array_shift( $args );
                }
                $retval = $this->execute( $prepared, $args );
                $this->freePrepared( $prepared );
                return $retval;
        }

        /**
         * For faking prepared SQL statements on DBs that don't support
         * it directly.
         * @param $preparedQuery String: a 'preparable' SQL statement
         * @param $args Array of arguments to fill it with
         * @return string executable SQL
         */
        function fillPrepared( $preparedQuery, $args ) {
                reset( $args );
                $this->preparedArgs =& $args;
                return preg_replace_callback( '/(\\\\[?!&]|[?!&])/',
                        array( &$this, 'fillPreparedArg' ), $preparedQuery );
        }

        /**
         * preg_callback func for fillPrepared()
         * The arguments should be in $this->preparedArgs and must not be touched
         * while we're doing this.
         *
         * @param $matches Array
         * @return String
         * @private
         */
        function fillPreparedArg( $matches ) {
                switch( $matches[1] ) {
                        case '\\?': return '?';
                        case '\\!': return '!';
                        case '\\&': return '&';
                }
                list( /* $n */ , $arg ) = each( $this->preparedArgs );
                switch( $matches[1] ) {
                        case '?': return $this->addQuotes( $arg );
                        case '!': return $arg;
                        case '&':
                                # return $this->addQuotes( file_get_contents( $arg ) );
                                throw new DBUnexpectedError( $this, '& mode is not implemented. If it\'s really needed, uncomment the line above.' );
                        default:
                                throw new DBUnexpectedError( $this, 'Received invalid match. This should never happen!' );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Free a result object
         * @param $res Mixed: A SQL result
         */
        function freeResult( $res ) {
                # Stub.  Might not really need to be overridden, since results should
                # be freed by PHP when the variable goes out of scope anyway.
        }

        /**
         * Fetch the next row from the given result object, in object form.
         * Fields can be retrieved with $row->fieldname, with fields acting like
         * member variables.
         *
         * @param $res SQL result object as returned from Database::query(), etc.
         * @return MySQL row object
         * @throws DBUnexpectedError Thrown if the database returns an error
         */
        abstract function fetchObject( $res );

        /**
         * Fetch the next row from the given result object, in associative array
         * form.  Fields are retrieved with $row['fieldname'].
         *
         * @param $res SQL result object as returned from Database::query(), etc.
         * @return MySQL row object
         * @throws DBUnexpectedError Thrown if the database returns an error
         */
        abstract function fetchRow( $res );

        /**
         * Get the number of rows in a result object
         * @param $res Mixed: A SQL result
         */
        abstract function numRows( $res );

        /**
         * Get the number of fields in a result object
         * See documentation for mysql_num_fields()
         * @param $res Mixed: A SQL result
         */
        abstract function numFields( $res );

        /**
         * Get a field name in a result object
         * See documentation for mysql_field_name():
         * http://www.php.net/mysql_field_name
         * @param $res Mixed: A SQL result
         * @param $n Integer
         */
        abstract function fieldName( $res, $n );

        /**
         * Get the inserted value of an auto-increment row
         *
         * The value inserted should be fetched from nextSequenceValue()
         *
         * Example:
         * $id = $dbw->nextSequenceValue('page_page_id_seq');
         * $dbw->insert('page',array('page_id' => $id));
         * $id = $dbw->insertId();
         */
        abstract function insertId();

        /**
         * Change the position of the cursor in a result object
         * See mysql_data_seek()
         * @param $res Mixed: A SQL result
         * @param $row Mixed: Either MySQL row or ResultWrapper
         */
        abstract function dataSeek( $res, $row );

        /**
         * Get the last error number
         * See mysql_errno()
         */
        abstract function lastErrno();

        /**
         * Get a description of the last error
         * See mysql_error() for more details
         */
        abstract function lastError();

        /**
         * Get the number of rows affected by the last write query
         * See mysql_affected_rows() for more details
         */
        abstract function affectedRows();

        /**
         * Simple UPDATE wrapper
         * Usually aborts on failure
         * If errors are explicitly ignored, returns success
         *
         * This function exists for historical reasons, Database::update() has a more standard
         * calling convention and feature set
         */
        function set( $table, $var, $value, $cond, $fname = 'Database::set' ) {
                $table = $this->tableName( $table );
                $sql = "UPDATE $table SET $var = '" .
                  $this->strencode( $value ) . "' WHERE ($cond)";
                return (bool)$this->query( $sql, $fname );
        }

        /**
         * Simple SELECT wrapper, returns a single field, input must be encoded
         * Usually aborts on failure
         * If errors are explicitly ignored, returns FALSE on failure
         */
        function selectField( $table, $var, $cond='', $fname = 'Database::selectField', $options = array() ) {
                if ( !is_array( $options ) ) {
                        $options = array( $options );
                }
                $options['LIMIT'] = 1;

                $res = $this->select( $table, $var, $cond, $fname, $options );
                if ( $res === false || !$this->numRows( $res ) ) {
                        return false;
                }
                $row = $this->fetchRow( $res );
                if ( $row !== false ) {
                        $this->freeResult( $res );
                        return reset( $row );
                } else {
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Returns an optional USE INDEX clause to go after the table, and a
         * string to go at the end of the query
         *
         * @private
         *
         * @param $options Array: associative array of options to be turned into
         *              an SQL query, valid keys are listed in the function.
         * @return Array
         */
        function makeSelectOptions( $options ) {
                $preLimitTail = $postLimitTail = '';
                $startOpts = '';

                $noKeyOptions = array();
                foreach ( $options as $key => $option ) {
                        if ( is_numeric( $key ) ) {
                                $noKeyOptions[$option] = true;
                        }
                }

                if ( isset( $options['GROUP BY'] ) ) $preLimitTail .= " GROUP BY {$options['GROUP BY']}";
                if ( isset( $options['HAVING'] ) ) $preLimitTail .= " HAVING {$options['HAVING']}";
                if ( isset( $options['ORDER BY'] ) ) $preLimitTail .= " ORDER BY {$options['ORDER BY']}";
                
                //if (isset($options['LIMIT'])) {
                //      $tailOpts .= $this->limitResult('', $options['LIMIT'],
                //              isset($options['OFFSET']) ? $options['OFFSET'] 
                //              : false);
                //}

                if ( isset( $noKeyOptions['FOR UPDATE'] ) ) $postLimitTail .= ' FOR UPDATE';
                if ( isset( $noKeyOptions['LOCK IN SHARE MODE'] ) ) $postLimitTail .= ' LOCK IN SHARE MODE';
                if ( isset( $noKeyOptions['DISTINCT'] ) || isset( $noKeyOptions['DISTINCTROW'] ) ) $startOpts .= 'DISTINCT';

                # Various MySQL extensions
                if ( isset( $noKeyOptions['STRAIGHT_JOIN'] ) ) $startOpts .= ' /*! STRAIGHT_JOIN */';
                if ( isset( $noKeyOptions['HIGH_PRIORITY'] ) ) $startOpts .= ' HIGH_PRIORITY';
                if ( isset( $noKeyOptions['SQL_BIG_RESULT'] ) ) $startOpts .= ' SQL_BIG_RESULT';
                if ( isset( $noKeyOptions['SQL_BUFFER_RESULT'] ) ) $startOpts .= ' SQL_BUFFER_RESULT';
                if ( isset( $noKeyOptions['SQL_SMALL_RESULT'] ) ) $startOpts .= ' SQL_SMALL_RESULT';
                if ( isset( $noKeyOptions['SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS'] ) ) $startOpts .= ' SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS';
                if ( isset( $noKeyOptions['SQL_CACHE'] ) ) $startOpts .= ' SQL_CACHE';
                if ( isset( $noKeyOptions['SQL_NO_CACHE'] ) ) $startOpts .= ' SQL_NO_CACHE';

                if ( isset( $options['USE INDEX'] ) && ! is_array( $options['USE INDEX'] ) ) {
                        $useIndex = $this->useIndexClause( $options['USE INDEX'] );
                } else {
                        $useIndex = '';
                }
                
                return array( $startOpts, $useIndex, $preLimitTail, $postLimitTail );
        }

        /**
         * SELECT wrapper
         *
         * @param $table   Mixed:  Array or string, table name(s) (prefix auto-added)
         * @param $vars    Mixed:  Array or string, field name(s) to be retrieved
         * @param $conds   Mixed:  Array or string, condition(s) for WHERE
         * @param $fname   String: Calling function name (use __METHOD__) for logs/profiling
         * @param $options Array:  Associative array of options (e.g. array('GROUP BY' => 'page_title')),
         *                         see Database::makeSelectOptions code for list of supported stuff
         * @param $join_conds Array: Associative array of table join conditions (optional)
         *                           (e.g. array( 'page' => array('LEFT JOIN','page_latest=rev_id') )
         * @return mixed Database result resource (feed to Database::fetchObject or whatever), or false on failure
         */
        function select( $table, $vars, $conds='', $fname = 'Database::select', $options = array(), $join_conds = array() )
        {
                $sql = $this->selectSQLText( $table, $vars, $conds, $fname, $options, $join_conds );
                return $this->query( $sql, $fname );
        }
        
        /**
         * SELECT wrapper
         *
         * @param $table   Mixed:  Array or string, table name(s) (prefix auto-added)
         * @param $vars    Mixed:  Array or string, field name(s) to be retrieved
         * @param $conds   Mixed:  Array or string, condition(s) for WHERE
         * @param $fname   String: Calling function name (use __METHOD__) for logs/profiling
         * @param $options Array:  Associative array of options (e.g. array('GROUP BY' => 'page_title')),
         *                         see Database::makeSelectOptions code for list of supported stuff
         * @param $join_conds Array: Associative array of table join conditions (optional)
         *                           (e.g. array( 'page' => array('LEFT JOIN','page_latest=rev_id') )
         * @return string, the SQL text
         */
        function selectSQLText( $table, $vars, $conds='', $fname = 'Database::select', $options = array(), $join_conds = array() ) {
                if( is_array( $vars ) ) {
                        $vars = implode( ',', $vars );
                }
                if( !is_array( $options ) ) {
                        $options = array( $options );
                }
                if( is_array( $table ) ) {
                        if ( !empty($join_conds) || ( isset( $options['USE INDEX'] ) && is_array( @$options['USE INDEX'] ) ) )
                                $from = ' FROM ' . $this->tableNamesWithUseIndexOrJOIN( $table, @$options['USE INDEX'], $join_conds );
                        else
                                $from = ' FROM ' . implode( ',', array_map( array( &$this, 'tableName' ), $table ) );
                } elseif ($table!='') {
                        if ($table{0}==' ') {
                                $from = ' FROM ' . $table;
                        } else {
                                $from = ' FROM ' . $this->tableName( $table );
                        }
                } else {
                        $from = '';
                }

                list( $startOpts, $useIndex, $preLimitTail, $postLimitTail ) = $this->makeSelectOptions( $options );

                if( !empty( $conds ) ) {
                        if ( is_array( $conds ) ) {
                                $conds = $this->makeList( $conds, LIST_AND );
                        }
                        $sql = "SELECT $startOpts $vars $from $useIndex WHERE $conds $preLimitTail";
                } else {
                        $sql = "SELECT $startOpts $vars $from $useIndex $preLimitTail";
                }

                if (isset($options['LIMIT']))
                        $sql = $this->limitResult($sql, $options['LIMIT'],
                                isset($options['OFFSET']) ? $options['OFFSET'] : false);
                $sql = "$sql $postLimitTail";
                
                if (isset($options['EXPLAIN'])) {
                        $sql = 'EXPLAIN ' . $sql;
                }
                return $sql;
        }

        /**
         * Single row SELECT wrapper
         * Aborts or returns FALSE on error
         *
         * @param $table String: table name
         * @param $vars String: the selected variables
         * @param $conds Array: a condition map, terms are ANDed together.
         *   Items with numeric keys are taken to be literal conditions
         * Takes an array of selected variables, and a condition map, which is ANDed
         * e.g: selectRow( "page", array( "page_id" ), array( "page_namespace" =>
         * NS_MAIN, "page_title" => "Astronomy" ) )   would return an object where
         * $obj- >page_id is the ID of the Astronomy article
         * @param $fname String: Calling function name
         * @param $options Array
         * @param $join_conds Array
         *
         * @todo migrate documentation to phpdocumentor format
         */
        function selectRow( $table, $vars, $conds, $fname = 'Database::selectRow', $options = array(), $join_conds = array() ) {
                $options['LIMIT'] = 1;
                $res = $this->select( $table, $vars, $conds, $fname, $options, $join_conds );
                if ( $res === false )
                        return false;
                if ( !$this->numRows($res) ) {
                        $this->freeResult($res);
                        return false;
                }
                $obj = $this->fetchObject( $res );
                $this->freeResult( $res );
                return $obj;

        }
        
        /**
         * Estimate rows in dataset
         * Returns estimated count - not necessarily an accurate estimate across different databases,
         * so use sparingly
         * Takes same arguments as Database::select()
         *
         * @param string $table table name
         * @param array $vars unused
         * @param array $conds filters on the table
         * @param string $fname function name for profiling
         * @param array $options options for select
         * @return int row count
         */
        public function estimateRowCount( $table, $vars='*', $conds='', $fname = 'Database::estimateRowCount', $options = array() ) {
                $rows = 0;
                $res = $this->select ( $table, 'COUNT(*) AS rowcount', $conds, $fname, $options );
                if ( $res ) {
                        $row = $this->fetchRow( $res );
                        $rows = ( isset( $row['rowcount'] ) ) ? $row['rowcount'] : 0;
                }
                $this->freeResult( $res );
                return $rows;
        }

        /**
         * Removes most variables from an SQL query and replaces them with X or N for numbers.
         * It's only slightly flawed. Don't use for anything important.
         *
         * @param $sql String: A SQL Query
         */
        static function generalizeSQL( $sql ) {
                # This does the same as the regexp below would do, but in such a way
                # as to avoid crashing php on some large strings.
                # $sql = preg_replace ( "/'([^\\\\']|\\\\.)*'|\"([^\\\\\"]|\\\\.)*\"/", "'X'", $sql);

                $sql = str_replace ( "\\\\", '', $sql);
                $sql = str_replace ( "\\'", '', $sql);
                $sql = str_replace ( "\\\"", '', $sql);
                $sql = preg_replace ("/'.*'/s", "'X'", $sql);
                $sql = preg_replace ('/".*"/s', "'X'", $sql);

                # All newlines, tabs, etc replaced by single space
                $sql = preg_replace ( '/\s+/', ' ', $sql);

                # All numbers => N
                $sql = preg_replace ('/-?[0-9]+/s', 'N', $sql);

                return $sql;
        }

        /**
         * Determines whether a field exists in a table
         * Usually aborts on failure
         * If errors are explicitly ignored, returns NULL on failure
         */
        function fieldExists( $table, $field, $fname = 'Database::fieldExists' ) {
                $table = $this->tableName( $table );
                $res = $this->query( 'DESCRIBE '.$table, $fname );
                if ( !$res ) {
                        return null;
                }

                $found = false;

                while ( $row = $this->fetchObject( $res ) ) {
                        if ( $row->Field == $field ) {
                                $found = true;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                return $found;
        }

        /**
         * Determines whether an index exists
         * Usually aborts on failure
         * If errors are explicitly ignored, returns NULL on failure
         */
        function indexExists( $table, $index, $fname = 'Database::indexExists' ) {
                $info = $this->indexInfo( $table, $index, $fname );
                if ( is_null( $info ) ) {
                        return null;
                } else {
                        return $info !== false;
                }
        }


        /**
         * Get information about an index into an object
         * Returns false if the index does not exist
         */
        function indexInfo( $table, $index, $fname = 'Database::indexInfo' ) {
                # SHOW INDEX works in MySQL 3.23.58, but SHOW INDEXES does not.
                # SHOW INDEX should work for 3.x and up:
                # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/SHOW_INDEX.html
                $table = $this->tableName( $table );
                $index = $this->indexName( $index );
                $sql = 'SHOW INDEX FROM '.$table;
                $res = $this->query( $sql, $fname );
                if ( !$res ) {
                        return null;
                }

                $result = array();
                while ( $row = $this->fetchObject( $res ) ) {
                        if ( $row->Key_name == $index ) {
                                $result[] = $row;
                        }
                }
                $this->freeResult($res);
                
                return empty($result) ? false : $result;
        }

        /**
         * Query whether a given table exists
         */
        function tableExists( $table ) {
                $table = $this->tableName( $table );
                $old = $this->ignoreErrors( true );
                $res = $this->query( "SELECT 1 FROM $table LIMIT 1" );
                $this->ignoreErrors( $old );
                if( $res ) {
                        $this->freeResult( $res );
                        return true;
                } else {
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /**
         * mysql_fetch_field() wrapper
         * Returns false if the field doesn't exist
         *
         * @param $table
         * @param $field
         */
        abstract function fieldInfo( $table, $field );

        /**
         * mysql_field_type() wrapper
         */
        function fieldType( $res, $index ) {
                if ( $res instanceof ResultWrapper ) {
                        $res = $res->result;
                }
                return mysql_field_type( $res, $index );
        }

        /**
         * Determines if a given index is unique
         */
        function indexUnique( $table, $index ) {
                $indexInfo = $this->indexInfo( $table, $index );
                if ( !$indexInfo ) {
                        return null;
                }
                return !$indexInfo[0]->Non_unique;
        }

        /**
         * INSERT wrapper, inserts an array into a table
         *
         * $a may be a single associative array, or an array of these with numeric keys, for
         * multi-row insert.
         *
         * Usually aborts on failure
         * If errors are explicitly ignored, returns success
         */
        function insert( $table, $a, $fname = 'Database::insert', $options = array() ) {
                # No rows to insert, easy just return now
                if ( !count( $a ) ) {
                        return true;
                }

                $table = $this->tableName( $table );
                if ( !is_array( $options ) ) {
                        $options = array( $options );
                }
                if ( isset( $a[0] ) && is_array( $a[0] ) ) {
                        $multi = true;
                        $keys = array_keys( $a[0] );
                } else {
                        $multi = false;
                        $keys = array_keys( $a );
                }

                $sql = 'INSERT ' . implode( ' ', $options ) .
                        " INTO $table (" . implode( ',', $keys ) . ') VALUES ';

                if ( $multi ) {
                        $first = true;
                        foreach ( $a as $row ) {
                                if ( $first ) {
                                        $first = false;
                                } else {
                                        $sql .= ',';
                                }
                                $sql .= '(' . $this->makeList( $row ) . ')';
                        }
                } else {
                        $sql .= '(' . $this->makeList( $a ) . ')';
                }
                return (bool)$this->query( $sql, $fname );
        }

        /**
         * Make UPDATE options for the Database::update function
         *
         * @private
         * @param $options Array: The options passed to Database::update
         * @return string
         */
        function makeUpdateOptions( $options ) {
                if( !is_array( $options ) ) {
                        $options = array( $options );
                }
                $opts = array();
                if ( in_array( 'LOW_PRIORITY', $options ) )
                        $opts[] = $this->lowPriorityOption();
                if ( in_array( 'IGNORE', $options ) )
                        $opts[] = 'IGNORE';
                return implode(' ', $opts);
        }

        /**
         * UPDATE wrapper, takes a condition array and a SET array
         *
         * @param $table  String: The table to UPDATE
         * @param $values Array:  An array of values to SET
         * @param $conds  Array:  An array of conditions (WHERE). Use '*' to update all rows.
         * @param $fname  String: The Class::Function calling this function
         *                        (for the log)
         * @param $options Array: An array of UPDATE options, can be one or
         *                        more of IGNORE, LOW_PRIORITY
         * @return Boolean
         */
        function update( $table, $values, $conds, $fname = 'Database::update', $options = array() ) {
                $table = $this->tableName( $table );
                $opts = $this->makeUpdateOptions( $options );
                $sql = "UPDATE $opts $table SET " . $this->makeList( $values, LIST_SET );
                if ( $conds != '*' ) {
                        $sql .= " WHERE " . $this->makeList( $conds, LIST_AND );
                }
                return $this->query( $sql, $fname );
        }

        /**
         * Makes an encoded list of strings from an array
         * $mode:
         *        LIST_COMMA         - comma separated, no field names
         *        LIST_AND           - ANDed WHERE clause (without the WHERE)
         *        LIST_OR            - ORed WHERE clause (without the WHERE)
         *        LIST_SET           - comma separated with field names, like a SET clause
         *        LIST_NAMES         - comma separated field names
         */
        function makeList( $a, $mode = LIST_COMMA ) {
                if ( !is_array( $a ) ) {
                        throw new DBUnexpectedError( $this, 'Database::makeList called with incorrect parameters' );
                }

                $first = true;
                $list = '';
                foreach ( $a as $field => $value ) {
                        if ( !$first ) {
                                if ( $mode == LIST_AND ) {
                                        $list .= ' AND ';
                                } elseif($mode == LIST_OR) {
                                        $list .= ' OR ';
                                } else {
                                        $list .= ',';
                                }
                        } else {
                                $first = false;
                        }
                        if ( ($mode == LIST_AND || $mode == LIST_OR) && is_numeric( $field ) ) {
                                $list .= "($value)";
                        } elseif ( ($mode == LIST_SET) && is_numeric( $field ) ) {
                                $list .= "$value";
                        } elseif ( ($mode == LIST_AND || $mode == LIST_OR) && is_array($value) ) {
                                if( count( $value ) == 0 ) {
                                        throw new MWException( __METHOD__.': empty input' );
                                } elseif( count( $value ) == 1 ) {
                                        // Special-case single values, as IN isn't terribly efficient
                                        // Don't necessarily assume the single key is 0; we don't
                                        // enforce linear numeric ordering on other arrays here.
                                        $value = array_values( $value );
                                        $list .= $field." = ".$this->addQuotes( $value[0] );
                                } else {
                                        $list .= $field." IN (".$this->makeList($value).") ";
                                }
                        } elseif( $value === null ) {
                                if ( $mode == LIST_AND || $mode == LIST_OR ) {
                                        $list .= "$field IS ";
                                } elseif ( $mode == LIST_SET ) {
                                        $list .= "$field = ";
                                }
                                $list .= 'NULL';
                        } else {
                                if ( $mode == LIST_AND || $mode == LIST_OR || $mode == LIST_SET ) {
                                        $list .= "$field = ";
                                }
                                $list .= $mode == LIST_NAMES ? $value : $this->addQuotes( $value );
                        }
                }
                return $list;
        }

        /**
         * Bitwise operations
         */

        function bitNot($field) {
                return "(~$bitField)";
        }

        function bitAnd($fieldLeft, $fieldRight) {
                return "($fieldLeft & $fieldRight)";
        }

        function bitOr($fieldLeft, $fieldRight) {
                return "($fieldLeft | $fieldRight)";
        }

        /**
         * Change the current database
         *
         * @return bool Success or failure
         */
        function selectDB( $db ) {
                # Stub.  Shouldn't cause serious problems if it's not overridden, but
                # if your database engine supports a concept similar to MySQL's
                # databases you may as well.  TODO: explain what exactly will fail if
                # this is not overridden.
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Get the current DB name
         */
        function getDBname() {
                return $this->mDBname;
        }

        /**
         * Get the server hostname or IP address
         */
        function getServer() {
                return $this->mServer;
        }

        /**
         * Format a table name ready for use in constructing an SQL query
         *
         * This does two important things: it quotes the table names to clean them up,
         * and it adds a table prefix if only given a table name with no quotes.
         *
         * All functions of this object which require a table name call this function
         * themselves. Pass the canonical name to such functions. This is only needed
         * when calling query() directly.
         *
         * @param $name String: database table name
         * @return String: full database name
         */
        function tableName( $name ) {
                global $wgSharedDB, $wgSharedPrefix, $wgSharedTables;
                # Skip the entire process when we have a string quoted on both ends.
                # Note that we check the end so that we will still quote any use of
                # use of `database`.table. But won't break things if someone wants
                # to query a database table with a dot in the name.
                if ( $name[0] == '`' && substr( $name, -1, 1 ) == '`' ) return $name;
                
                # Lets test for any bits of text that should never show up in a table
                # name. Basically anything like JOIN or ON which are actually part of
                # SQL queries, but may end up inside of the table value to combine
                # sql. Such as how the API is doing.
                # Note that we use a whitespace test rather than a \b test to avoid
                # any remote case where a word like on may be inside of a table name
                # surrounded by symbols which may be considered word breaks.
                if( preg_match( '/(^|\s)(DISTINCT|JOIN|ON|AS)(\s|$)/i', $name ) !== 0 ) return $name;
                
                # Split database and table into proper variables.
                # We reverse the explode so that database.table and table both output
                # the correct table.
                $dbDetails = array_reverse( explode( '.', $name, 2 ) );
                if( isset( $dbDetails[1] ) ) @list( $table, $database ) = $dbDetails;
                else                         @list( $table ) = $dbDetails;
                $prefix = $this->mTablePrefix; # Default prefix
                
                # A database name has been specified in input. Quote the table name
                # because we don't want any prefixes added.
                if( isset($database) ) $table = ( $table[0] == '`' ? $table : "`{$table}`" );
                
                # Note that we use the long format because php will complain in in_array if
                # the input is not an array, and will complain in is_array if it is not set.
                if( !isset( $database ) # Don't use shared database if pre selected.
                 && isset( $wgSharedDB ) # We have a shared database
                 && $table[0] != '`' # Paranoia check to prevent shared tables listing '`table`'
                 && isset( $wgSharedTables )
                 && is_array( $wgSharedTables )
                 && in_array( $table, $wgSharedTables ) ) { # A shared table is selected
                        $database = $wgSharedDB;
                        $prefix   = isset( $wgSharedPrefix ) ? $wgSharedPrefix : $prefix;
                }
                
                # Quote the $database and $table and apply the prefix if not quoted.
                if( isset($database) ) $database = ( $database[0] == '`' ? $database : "`{$database}`" );
                $table = ( $table[0] == '`' ? $table : "`{$prefix}{$table}`" );
                
                # Merge our database and table into our final table name.
                $tableName = ( isset($database) ? "{$database}.{$table}" : "{$table}" );
                
                # We're finished, return.
                return $tableName;
        }

        /**
         * Fetch a number of table names into an array
         * This is handy when you need to construct SQL for joins
         *
         * Example:
         * extract($dbr->tableNames('user','watchlist'));
         * $sql = "SELECT wl_namespace,wl_title FROM $watchlist,$user
         *         WHERE wl_user=user_id AND wl_user=$nameWithQuotes";
         */
        public function tableNames() {
                $inArray = func_get_args();
                $retVal = array();
                foreach ( $inArray as $name ) {
                        $retVal[$name] = $this->tableName( $name );
                }
                return $retVal;
        }
        
        /**
         * Fetch a number of table names into an zero-indexed numerical array
         * This is handy when you need to construct SQL for joins
         *
         * Example:
         * list( $user, $watchlist ) = $dbr->tableNamesN('user','watchlist');
         * $sql = "SELECT wl_namespace,wl_title FROM $watchlist,$user
         *         WHERE wl_user=user_id AND wl_user=$nameWithQuotes";
         */
        public function tableNamesN() {
                $inArray = func_get_args();
                $retVal = array();
                foreach ( $inArray as $name ) {
                        $retVal[] = $this->tableName( $name );
                }
                return $retVal;
        }

        /**
         * @private
         */
        function tableNamesWithUseIndexOrJOIN( $tables, $use_index = array(), $join_conds = array() ) {
                $ret = array();
                $retJOIN = array();
                $use_index_safe = is_array($use_index) ? $use_index : array();
                $join_conds_safe = is_array($join_conds) ? $join_conds : array();
                foreach ( $tables as $table ) {
                        // Is there a JOIN and INDEX clause for this table?
                        if ( isset($join_conds_safe[$table]) && isset($use_index_safe[$table]) ) {
                                $tableClause = $join_conds_safe[$table][0] . ' ' . $this->tableName( $table );
                                $tableClause .= ' ' . $this->useIndexClause( implode( ',', (array)$use_index_safe[$table] ) );
                                $tableClause .= ' ON (' . $this->makeList((array)$join_conds_safe[$table][1], LIST_AND) . ')';
                                $retJOIN[] = $tableClause;
                        // Is there an INDEX clause?
                        } else if ( isset($use_index_safe[$table]) ) {
                                $tableClause = $this->tableName( $table );
                                $tableClause .= ' ' . $this->useIndexClause( implode( ',', (array)$use_index_safe[$table] ) );
                                $ret[] = $tableClause;
                        // Is there a JOIN clause?
                        } else if ( isset($join_conds_safe[$table]) ) {
                                $tableClause = $join_conds_safe[$table][0] . ' ' . $this->tableName( $table );
                                $tableClause .= ' ON (' . $this->makeList((array)$join_conds_safe[$table][1], LIST_AND) . ')';
                                $retJOIN[] = $tableClause;
                        } else {
                                $tableClause = $this->tableName( $table );
                                $ret[] = $tableClause;
                        }
                }
                // We can't separate explicit JOIN clauses with ',', use ' ' for those
                $straightJoins = !empty($ret) ? implode( ',', $ret ) : "";
                $otherJoins = !empty($retJOIN) ? implode( ' ', $retJOIN ) : "";
                // Compile our final table clause
                return implode(' ',array($straightJoins,$otherJoins) );
        }

        /**
         * Get the name of an index in a given table
         */
        function indexName( $index ) {
                // Backwards-compatibility hack
                $renamed = array(
                        'ar_usertext_timestamp' => 'usertext_timestamp',
                        'un_user_id'            => 'user_id',
                        'un_user_ip'            => 'user_ip',
                );
                if( isset( $renamed[$index] ) ) {
                        return $renamed[$index];
                } else {
                        return $index;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Wrapper for addslashes()
         * @param $s String: to be slashed.
         * @return String: slashed string.
         */
        abstract function strencode( $s );

        /**
         * If it's a string, adds quotes and backslashes
         * Otherwise returns as-is
         */
        function addQuotes( $s ) {
                if ( $s === null ) {
                        return 'NULL';
                } else {
                        # This will also quote numeric values. This should be harmless,
                        # and protects against weird problems that occur when they really
                        # _are_ strings such as article titles and string->number->string
                        # conversion is not 1:1.
                        return "'" . $this->strencode( $s ) . "'";
                }
        }

        /**
         * Escape string for safe LIKE usage.
         * WARNING: you should almost never use this function directly,
         * instead use buildLike() that escapes everything automatically
         */
        function escapeLike( $s ) {
                $s = str_replace( '\\', '\\\\', $s );
                $s = $this->strencode( $s );
                $s = str_replace( array( '%', '_' ), array( '\%', '\_' ), $s );
                return $s;
        }

        /**
         * LIKE statement wrapper, receives a variable-length argument list with parts of pattern to match
         * containing either string literals that will be escaped or tokens returned by anyChar() or anyString().
         * Alternatively, the function could be provided with an array of aforementioned parameters.
         * 
         * Example: $dbr->buildLike( 'My_page_title/', $dbr->anyString() ) returns a LIKE clause that searches
         * for subpages of 'My page title'.
         * Alternatively: $pattern = array( 'My_page_title/', $dbr->anyString() ); $query .= $dbr->buildLike( $pattern );
         *
         * @ return String: fully built LIKE statement
         */
        function buildLike() {
                $params = func_get_args();
                if (count($params) > 0 && is_array($params[0])) {
                        $params = $params[0];
                }

                $s = '';
                foreach( $params as $value) {
                        if( $value instanceof LikeMatch ) {
                                $s .= $value->toString();
                        } else {
                                $s .= $this->escapeLike( $value );
                        }
                }
                return " LIKE '" . $s . "' ";
        }

        /**
         * Returns a token for buildLike() that denotes a '_' to be used in a LIKE query
         */
        function anyChar() {
                return new LikeMatch( '_' );
        }

        /**
         * Returns a token for buildLike() that denotes a '%' to be used in a LIKE query
         */
        function anyString() {
                return new LikeMatch( '%' );
        }

        /**
         * Returns an appropriately quoted sequence value for inserting a new row.
         * MySQL has autoincrement fields, so this is just NULL. But the PostgreSQL
         * subclass will return an integer, and save the value for insertId()
         */
        function nextSequenceValue( $seqName ) {
                return null;
        }

        /**
         * USE INDEX clause.  Unlikely to be useful for anything but MySQL.  This
         * is only needed because a) MySQL must be as efficient as possible due to
         * its use on Wikipedia, and b) MySQL 4.0 is kind of dumb sometimes about
         * which index to pick.  Anyway, other databases might have different
         * indexes on a given table.  So don't bother overriding this unless you're
         * MySQL.
         */
        function useIndexClause( $index ) {
                return '';
        }

        /**
         * REPLACE query wrapper
         * PostgreSQL simulates this with a DELETE followed by INSERT
         * $row is the row to insert, an associative array
         * $uniqueIndexes is an array of indexes. Each element may be either a
         * field name or an array of field names
         *
         * It may be more efficient to leave off unique indexes which are unlikely to collide.
         * However if you do this, you run the risk of encountering errors which wouldn't have
         * occurred in MySQL
         *
         * @todo migrate comment to phodocumentor format
         */
        function replace( $table, $uniqueIndexes, $rows, $fname = 'Database::replace' ) {
                $table = $this->tableName( $table );

                # Single row case
                if ( !is_array( reset( $rows ) ) ) {
                        $rows = array( $rows );
                }

                $sql = "REPLACE INTO $table (" . implode( ',', array_keys( $rows[0] ) ) .') VALUES ';
                $first = true;
                foreach ( $rows as $row ) {
                        if ( $first ) {
                                $first = false;
                        } else {
                                $sql .= ',';
                        }
                        $sql .= '(' . $this->makeList( $row ) . ')';
                }
                return $this->query( $sql, $fname );
        }

        /**
         * DELETE where the condition is a join
         * MySQL does this with a multi-table DELETE syntax, PostgreSQL does it with sub-selects
         *
         * For safety, an empty $conds will not delete everything. If you want to delete all rows where the
         * join condition matches, set $conds='*'
         *
         * DO NOT put the join condition in $conds
         *
         * @param $delTable String: The table to delete from.
         * @param $joinTable String: The other table.
         * @param $delVar String: The variable to join on, in the first table.
         * @param $joinVar String: The variable to join on, in the second table.
         * @param $conds Array: Condition array of field names mapped to variables, ANDed together in the WHERE clause
         * @param $fname String: Calling function name (use __METHOD__) for logs/profiling
         */
        function deleteJoin( $delTable, $joinTable, $delVar, $joinVar, $conds, $fname = 'Database::deleteJoin' ) {
                if ( !$conds ) {
                        throw new DBUnexpectedError( $this, 'Database::deleteJoin() called with empty $conds' );
                }

                $delTable = $this->tableName( $delTable );
                $joinTable = $this->tableName( $joinTable );
                $sql = "DELETE $delTable FROM $delTable, $joinTable WHERE $delVar=$joinVar ";
                if ( $conds != '*' ) {
                        $sql .= ' AND ' . $this->makeList( $conds, LIST_AND );
                }

                return $this->query( $sql, $fname );
        }

        /**
         * Returns the size of a text field, or -1 for "unlimited"
         */
        function textFieldSize( $table, $field ) {
                $table = $this->tableName( $table );
                $sql = "SHOW COLUMNS FROM $table LIKE \"$field\";";
                $res = $this->query( $sql, 'Database::textFieldSize' );
                $row = $this->fetchObject( $res );
                $this->freeResult( $res );

                $m = array();
                if ( preg_match( '/\((.*)\)/', $row->Type, $m ) ) {
                        $size = $m[1];
                } else {
                        $size = -1;
                }
                return $size;
        }

        /**
         * A string to insert into queries to show that they're low-priority, like
         * MySQL's LOW_PRIORITY.  If no such feature exists, return an empty
         * string and nothing bad should happen.
         *
         * @return string Returns the text of the low priority option if it is supported, or a blank string otherwise
         */
        function lowPriorityOption() {
                return '';
        }

        /**
         * DELETE query wrapper
         *
         * Use $conds == "*" to delete all rows
         */
        function delete( $table, $conds, $fname = 'Database::delete' ) {
                if ( !$conds ) {
                        throw new DBUnexpectedError( $this, 'Database::delete() called with no conditions' );
                }
                $table = $this->tableName( $table );
                $sql = "DELETE FROM $table";
                if ( $conds != '*' ) {
                        $sql .= ' WHERE ' . $this->makeList( $conds, LIST_AND );
                }
                return $this->query( $sql, $fname );
        }

        /**
         * INSERT SELECT wrapper
         * $varMap must be an associative array of the form array( 'dest1' => 'source1', ...)
         * Source items may be literals rather than field names, but strings should be quoted with Database::addQuotes()
         * $conds may be "*" to copy the whole table
         * srcTable may be an array of tables.
         */
        function insertSelect( $destTable, $srcTable, $varMap, $conds, $fname = 'Database::insertSelect',
                $insertOptions = array(), $selectOptions = array() )
        {
                $destTable = $this->tableName( $destTable );
                if ( is_array( $insertOptions ) ) {
                        $insertOptions = implode( ' ', $insertOptions );
                }
                if( !is_array( $selectOptions ) ) {
                        $selectOptions = array( $selectOptions );
                }
                list( $startOpts, $useIndex, $tailOpts ) = $this->makeSelectOptions( $selectOptions );
                if( is_array( $srcTable ) ) {
                        $srcTable =  implode( ',', array_map( array( &$this, 'tableName' ), $srcTable ) );
                } else {
                        $srcTable = $this->tableName( $srcTable );
                }
                $sql = "INSERT $insertOptions INTO $destTable (" . implode( ',', array_keys( $varMap ) ) . ')' .
                        " SELECT $startOpts " . implode( ',', $varMap ) .
                        " FROM $srcTable $useIndex ";
                if ( $conds != '*' ) {
                        $sql .= ' WHERE ' . $this->makeList( $conds, LIST_AND );
                }
                $sql .= " $tailOpts";
                return $this->query( $sql, $fname );
        }

        /**
         * Construct a LIMIT query with optional offset.  This is used for query
         * pages.  The SQL should be adjusted so that only the first $limit rows
         * are returned.  If $offset is provided as well, then the first $offset
         * rows should be discarded, and the next $limit rows should be returned.
         * If the result of the query is not ordered, then the rows to be returned
         * are theoretically arbitrary.
         *
         * $sql is expected to be a SELECT, if that makes a difference.  For
         * UPDATE, limitResultForUpdate should be used.
         *
         * The version provided by default works in MySQL and SQLite.  It will very
         * likely need to be overridden for most other DBMSes.
         *
         * @param $sql String: SQL query we will append the limit too
         * @param $limit Integer: the SQL limit
         * @param $offset Integer the SQL offset (default false)
         */
        function limitResult( $sql, $limit, $offset=false ) {
                if( !is_numeric( $limit ) ) {
                        throw new DBUnexpectedError( $this, "Invalid non-numeric limit passed to limitResult()\n" );
                }
                return "$sql LIMIT "
                                . ( (is_numeric($offset) && $offset != 0) ? "{$offset}," : "" )
                                . "{$limit} ";
        }
        function limitResultForUpdate( $sql, $num ) {
                return $this->limitResult( $sql, $num, 0 );
        }

        /**
         * Returns true if current database backend supports ORDER BY or LIMIT for separate subqueries 
         * within the UNION construct.
         * @return Boolean
         */
        function unionSupportsOrderAndLimit() {
                return true; // True for almost every DB supported
        }

        /**
         * Construct a UNION query
         * This is used for providing overload point for other DB abstractions
         * not compatible with the MySQL syntax.
         * @param $sqls Array: SQL statements to combine
         * @param $all Boolean: use UNION ALL
         * @return String: SQL fragment
         */
        function unionQueries($sqls, $all) {
                $glue = $all ? ') UNION ALL (' : ') UNION (';
                return '('.implode( $glue, $sqls ) . ')';
        }

        /**
         * Returns an SQL expression for a simple conditional.  This doesn't need
         * to be overridden unless CASE isn't supported in your DBMS.
         *
         * @param $cond String: SQL expression which will result in a boolean value
         * @param $trueVal String: SQL expression to return if true
         * @param $falseVal String: SQL expression to return if false
         * @return String: SQL fragment
         */
        function conditional( $cond, $trueVal, $falseVal ) {
                return " (CASE WHEN $cond THEN $trueVal ELSE $falseVal END) ";
        }

        /**
         * Returns a comand for str_replace function in SQL query.
         * Uses REPLACE() in MySQL
         *
         * @param $orig String: column to modify
         * @param $old String: column to seek
         * @param $new String: column to replace with
         */
        function strreplace( $orig, $old, $new ) {
                return "REPLACE({$orig}, {$old}, {$new})";
        }

        /**
         * Determines if the last failure was due to a deadlock
         * STUB
         */
        function wasDeadlock() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Determines if the last query error was something that should be dealt 
         * with by pinging the connection and reissuing the query.
         * STUB
         */
        function wasErrorReissuable() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Determines if the last failure was due to the database being read-only.
         * STUB
         */
        function wasReadOnlyError() {
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Perform a deadlock-prone transaction.
         *
         * This function invokes a callback function to perform a set of write
         * queries. If a deadlock occurs during the processing, the transaction
         * will be rolled back and the callback function will be called again.
         *
         * Usage:
         *   $dbw->deadlockLoop( callback, ... );
         *
         * Extra arguments are passed through to the specified callback function.
         *
         * Returns whatever the callback function returned on its successful,
         * iteration, or false on error, for example if the retry limit was
         * reached.
         */
        function deadlockLoop() {
                $myFname = 'Database::deadlockLoop';

                $this->begin();
                $args = func_get_args();
                $function = array_shift( $args );
                $oldIgnore = $this->ignoreErrors( true );
                $tries = DEADLOCK_TRIES;
                if ( is_array( $function ) ) {
                        $fname = $function[0];
                } else {
                        $fname = $function;
                }
                do {
                        $retVal = call_user_func_array( $function, $args );
                        $error = $this->lastError();
                        $errno = $this->lastErrno();
                        $sql = $this->lastQuery();

                        if ( $errno ) {
                                if ( $this->wasDeadlock() ) {
                                        # Retry
                                        usleep( mt_rand( DEADLOCK_DELAY_MIN, DEADLOCK_DELAY_MAX ) );
                                } else {
                                        $this->reportQueryError( $error, $errno, $sql, $fname );
                                }
                        }
                } while( $this->wasDeadlock() && --$tries > 0 );
                $this->ignoreErrors( $oldIgnore );
                if ( $tries <= 0 ) {
                        $this->query( 'ROLLBACK', $myFname );
                        $this->reportQueryError( $error, $errno, $sql, $fname );
                        return false;
                } else {
                        $this->query( 'COMMIT', $myFname );
                        return $retVal;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Do a SELECT MASTER_POS_WAIT()
         *
         * @param $pos MySQLMasterPos object
         * @param $timeout Integer: the maximum number of seconds to wait for synchronisation
         */
        function masterPosWait( MySQLMasterPos $pos, $timeout ) {
                $fname = 'Database::masterPosWait';
                wfProfileIn( $fname );

                # Commit any open transactions
                if ( $this->mTrxLevel ) {
                        $this->commit();
                }

                if ( !is_null( $this->mFakeSlaveLag ) ) {
                        $wait = intval( ( $pos->pos - microtime(true) + $this->mFakeSlaveLag ) * 1e6 );
                        if ( $wait > $timeout * 1e6 ) {
                                wfDebug( "Fake slave timed out waiting for $pos ($wait us)\n" );
                                wfProfileOut( $fname );
                                return -1;
                        } elseif ( $wait > 0 ) {
                                wfDebug( "Fake slave waiting $wait us\n" );
                                usleep( $wait );
                                wfProfileOut( $fname );
                                return 1;
                        } else {
                                wfDebug( "Fake slave up to date ($wait us)\n" );
                                wfProfileOut( $fname );
                                return 0;
                        }
                }

                # Call doQuery() directly, to avoid opening a transaction if DBO_TRX is set
                $encFile = $this->addQuotes( $pos->file );
                $encPos = intval( $pos->pos );
                $sql = "SELECT MASTER_POS_WAIT($encFile, $encPos, $timeout)";
                $res = $this->doQuery( $sql );
                if ( $res && $row = $this->fetchRow( $res ) ) {
                        $this->freeResult( $res );
                        wfProfileOut( $fname );
                        return $row[0];
                } else {
                        wfProfileOut( $fname );
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get the position of the master from SHOW SLAVE STATUS
         */
        function getSlavePos() {
                if ( !is_null( $this->mFakeSlaveLag ) ) {
                        $pos = new MySQLMasterPos( 'fake', microtime(true) - $this->mFakeSlaveLag );
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__.": fake slave pos = $pos\n" );
                        return $pos;
                }
                $res = $this->query( 'SHOW SLAVE STATUS', 'Database::getSlavePos' );
                $row = $this->fetchObject( $res );
                if ( $row ) {
                        $pos = isset($row->Exec_master_log_pos) ? $row->Exec_master_log_pos : $row->Exec_Master_Log_Pos;
                        return new MySQLMasterPos( $row->Relay_Master_Log_File, $pos );
                } else {
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get the position of the master from SHOW MASTER STATUS
         */
        function getMasterPos() {
                if ( $this->mFakeMaster ) {
                        return new MySQLMasterPos( 'fake', microtime( true ) );
                }
                $res = $this->query( 'SHOW MASTER STATUS', 'Database::getMasterPos' );
                $row = $this->fetchObject( $res );
                if ( $row ) {
                        return new MySQLMasterPos( $row->File, $row->Position );
                } else {
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Begin a transaction, committing any previously open transaction
         */
        function begin( $fname = 'Database::begin' ) {
                $this->query( 'BEGIN', $fname );
                $this->mTrxLevel = 1;
        }

        /**
         * End a transaction
         */
        function commit( $fname = 'Database::commit' ) {
                $this->query( 'COMMIT', $fname );
                $this->mTrxLevel = 0;
        }

        /**
         * Rollback a transaction.
         * No-op on non-transactional databases.
         */
        function rollback( $fname = 'Database::rollback' ) {
                $this->query( 'ROLLBACK', $fname, true );
                $this->mTrxLevel = 0;
        }

        /**
         * Begin a transaction, committing any previously open transaction
         * @deprecated use begin()
         */
        function immediateBegin( $fname = 'Database::immediateBegin' ) {
                $this->begin();
        }

        /**
         * Commit transaction, if one is open
         * @deprecated use commit()
         */
        function immediateCommit( $fname = 'Database::immediateCommit' ) {
                $this->commit();
        }

        /**
         * Creates a new table with structure copied from existing table
         * Note that unlike most database abstraction functions, this function does not
         * automatically append database prefix, because it works at a lower
         * abstraction level.
         *
         * @param $oldName String: name of table whose structure should be copied
         * @param $newName String: name of table to be created
         * @param $temporary Boolean: whether the new table should be temporary
         * @return Boolean: true if operation was successful
         */
        function duplicateTableStructure( $oldName, $newName, $temporary = false, $fname = 'Database::duplicateTableStructure' ) {
                throw new MWException( 'DatabaseBase::duplicateTableStructure is not implemented in descendant class' );
        }

        /**
         * Return MW-style timestamp used for MySQL schema
         */
        function timestamp( $ts=0 ) {
                return wfTimestamp(TS_MW,$ts);
        }

        /**
         * Local database timestamp format or null
         */
        function timestampOrNull( $ts = null ) {
                if( is_null( $ts ) ) {
                        return null;
                } else {
                        return $this->timestamp( $ts );
                }
        }

        /**
         * @todo document
         */
        function resultObject( $result ) {
                if( empty( $result ) ) {
                        return false;
                } elseif ( $result instanceof ResultWrapper ) {
                        return $result;
                } elseif ( $result === true ) {
                        // Successful write query
                        return $result;
                } else {
                        return new ResultWrapper( $this, $result );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Return aggregated value alias
         */
        function aggregateValue ($valuedata,$valuename='value') {
                return $valuename;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a wikitext link to the DB's website, e.g.,
         *     return "[http://www.mysql.com/ MySQL]";
         * Should at least contain plain text, if for some reason
         * your database has no website.
         *
         * @return String: wikitext of a link to the server software's web site
         */
        abstract function getSoftwareLink();

        /**
         * A string describing the current software version, like from
         * mysql_get_server_info().  Will be listed on Special:Version, etc.
         * 
         * @return String: Version information from the database
         */
        abstract function getServerVersion();

        /**
         * Ping the server and try to reconnect if it there is no connection
         *
         * @return bool Success or failure
         */
        function ping() {
                # Stub.  Not essential to override.
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Get slave lag.
         * At the moment, this will only work if the DB user has the PROCESS privilege
         */
        function getLag() {
                if ( !is_null( $this->mFakeSlaveLag ) ) {
                        wfDebug( "getLag: fake slave lagged {$this->mFakeSlaveLag} seconds\n" );
                        return $this->mFakeSlaveLag;
                }
                $res = $this->query( 'SHOW PROCESSLIST', __METHOD__ );
                # Find slave SQL thread
                while ( $row = $this->fetchObject( $res ) ) {
                        /* This should work for most situations - when default db 
                         * for thread is not specified, it had no events executed, 
                         * and therefore it doesn't know yet how lagged it is.
                         *
                         * Relay log I/O thread does not select databases.
                         */
                        if ( $row->User == 'system user' && 
                                $row->State != 'Waiting for master to send event' &&
                                $row->State != 'Connecting to master' && 
                                $row->State != 'Queueing master event to the relay log' &&
                                $row->State != 'Waiting for master update' &&
                                $row->State != 'Requesting binlog dump' && 
                                $row->State != 'Waiting to reconnect after a failed master event read' &&
                                $row->State != 'Reconnecting after a failed master event read' &&
                                $row->State != 'Registering slave on master'
                                ) {
                                # This is it, return the time (except -ve)
                                if ( $row->Time > 0x7fffffff ) {
                                        return false;
                                } else {
                                        return $row->Time;
                                }
                        }
                }
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Get status information from SHOW STATUS in an associative array
         */
        function getStatus($which="%") {
                $res = $this->query( "SHOW STATUS LIKE '{$which}'" );
                $status = array();
                while ( $row = $this->fetchObject( $res ) ) {
                        $status[$row->Variable_name] = $row->Value;
                }
                return $status;
        }

        /**
         * Return the maximum number of items allowed in a list, or 0 for unlimited.
         */
        function maxListLen() {
                return 0;
        }

        function encodeBlob($b) {
                return $b;
        }

        function decodeBlob($b) {
                return $b;
        }

        /**
         * Override database's default connection timeout.  May be useful for very
         * long batch queries such as full-wiki dumps, where a single query reads
         * out over hours or days.  May or may not be necessary for non-MySQL
         * databases.  For most purposes, leaving it as a no-op should be fine.
         *
         * @param $timeout Integer in seconds
         */
        public function setTimeout( $timeout ) {}

        /**
         * Read and execute SQL commands from a file.
         * Returns true on success, error string or exception on failure (depending on object's error ignore settings)
         * @param $filename String: File name to open
         * @param $lineCallback Callback: Optional function called before reading each line
         * @param $resultCallback Callback: Optional function called for each MySQL result
         */
        function sourceFile( $filename, $lineCallback = false, $resultCallback = false ) {
                $fp = fopen( $filename, 'r' );
                if ( false === $fp ) {
                        throw new MWException( "Could not open \"{$filename}\".\n" );
                }
                $error = $this->sourceStream( $fp, $lineCallback, $resultCallback );
                fclose( $fp );
                return $error;
        }

        /**
         * Get the full path of a patch file. Originally based on archive()
         * from updaters.inc. Keep in mind this always returns a patch, as 
         * it fails back to MySQL if no DB-specific patch can be found
         *
         * @param $patch String The name of the patch, like patch-something.sql
         * @return String Full path to patch file
         */
        public static function patchPath( $patch ) {
                global $wgDBtype, $IP;
                if ( file_exists( "$IP/maintenance/$wgDBtype/archives/$name" ) ) {
                        return "$IP/maintenance/$wgDBtype/archives/$name";
                } else {
                        return "$IP/maintenance/archives/$name";
                }
        }

        /**
         * Read and execute commands from an open file handle
         * Returns true on success, error string or exception on failure (depending on object's error ignore settings)
         * @param $fp String: File handle
         * @param $lineCallback Callback: Optional function called before reading each line
         * @param $resultCallback Callback: Optional function called for each MySQL result
         */
        function sourceStream( $fp, $lineCallback = false, $resultCallback = false ) {
                $cmd = "";
                $done = false;
                $dollarquote = false;

                while ( ! feof( $fp ) ) {
                        if ( $lineCallback ) {
                                call_user_func( $lineCallback );
                        }
                        $line = trim( fgets( $fp, 1024 ) );
                        $sl = strlen( $line ) - 1;

                        if ( $sl < 0 ) { continue; }
                        if ( '-' == $line{0} && '-' == $line{1} ) { continue; }

                        ## Allow dollar quoting for function declarations
                        if (substr($line,0,4) == '$mw$') {
                                if ($dollarquote) {
                                        $dollarquote = false;
                                        $done = true;
                                }
                                else {
                                        $dollarquote = true;
                                }
                        }
                        else if (!$dollarquote) {
                                if ( ';' == $line{$sl} && ($sl < 2 || ';' != $line{$sl - 1})) {
                                        $done = true;
                                        $line = substr( $line, 0, $sl );
                                }
                        }

                        if ( $cmd != '' ) { $cmd .= ' '; }
                        $cmd .= "$line\n";

                        if ( $done ) {
                                $cmd = str_replace(';;', ";", $cmd);
                                $cmd = $this->replaceVars( $cmd );
                                $res = $this->query( $cmd, __METHOD__ );
                                if ( $resultCallback ) {
                                        call_user_func( $resultCallback, $res, $this );
                                }

                                if ( false === $res ) {
                                        $err = $this->lastError();
                                        return "Query \"{$cmd}\" failed with error code \"$err\".\n";
                                }

                                $cmd = '';
                                $done = false;
                        }
                }
                return true;
        }


        /**
         * Replace variables in sourced SQL
         */
        protected function replaceVars( $ins ) {
                $varnames = array(
                        'wgDBserver', 'wgDBname', 'wgDBintlname', 'wgDBuser',
                        'wgDBpassword', 'wgDBsqluser', 'wgDBsqlpassword',
                        'wgDBadminuser', 'wgDBadminpassword', 'wgDBTableOptions',
                );

                // Ordinary variables
                foreach ( $varnames as $var ) {
                        if( isset( $GLOBALS[$var] ) ) {
                                $val = addslashes( $GLOBALS[$var] ); // FIXME: safety check?
                                $ins = str_replace( '{$' . $var . '}', $val, $ins );
                                $ins = str_replace( '/*$' . $var . '*/`', '`' . $val, $ins );
                                $ins = str_replace( '/*$' . $var . '*/', $val, $ins );
                        }
                }

                // Table prefixes
                $ins = preg_replace_callback( '!/\*(?:\$wgDBprefix|_)\*/([a-zA-Z_0-9]*)!',
                        array( $this, 'tableNameCallback' ), $ins );

                // Index names
                $ins = preg_replace_callback( '!/\*i\*/([a-zA-Z_0-9]*)!', 
                        array( $this, 'indexNameCallback' ), $ins );
                return $ins;
        }

        /**
         * Table name callback
         * @private
         */
        protected function tableNameCallback( $matches ) {
                return $this->tableName( $matches[1] );
        }

        /**
         * Index name callback
         */
        protected function indexNameCallback( $matches ) {
                return $this->indexName( $matches[1] );
        }

        /**
         * Build a concatenation list to feed into a SQL query
         * @param $stringList Array: list of raw SQL expressions; caller is responsible for any quoting
         * @return String
         */
        function buildConcat( $stringList ) {
                return 'CONCAT(' . implode( ',', $stringList ) . ')';
        }
        
        /**
         * Acquire a named lock
         * 
         * Abstracted from Filestore::lock() so child classes can implement for
         * their own needs.
         * 
         * @param $lockName String: Name of lock to aquire
         * @param $method String: Name of method calling us
         * @return bool
         */
        public function lock( $lockName, $method, $timeout = 5 ) {
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Release a lock.
         * 
         * @param $lockName String: Name of lock to release
         * @param $method String: Name of method calling us
         *
         * FROM MYSQL DOCS: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_release-lock
         * @return Returns 1 if the lock was released, 0 if the lock was not established
         * by this thread (in which case the lock is not released), and NULL if the named 
         * lock did not exist
         */
        public function unlock( $lockName, $method ) {
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Lock specific tables
         *
         * @param $read Array of tables to lock for read access
         * @param $write Array of tables to lock for write access
         * @param $method String name of caller
         * @param $lowPriority bool Whether to indicate writes to be LOW PRIORITY
         */
        public function lockTables( $read, $write, $method, $lowPriority = true ) {
                return true;
        }
        
        /**
         * Unlock specific tables
         *
         * @param $method String the caller
         */
        public function unlockTables( $method ) {
                return true;
        }
        
        /**
         * Get search engine class. All subclasses of this
         * need to implement this if they wish to use searching.
         * 
         * @return String
         */
        public function getSearchEngine() {
                return "SearchMySQL";
        }

        /**
         * Allow or deny "big selects" for this session only. This is done by setting 
         * the sql_big_selects session variable.
         *
         * This is a MySQL-specific feature. 
         *
         * @param mixed $value true for allow, false for deny, or "default" to restore the initial value
         */
        public function setBigSelects( $value = true ) {
                // no-op
        }
}


/******************************************************************************
 * Utility classes
 *****************************************************************************/

/**
 * Utility class.
 * @ingroup Database
 */
class DBObject {
        public $mData;

        function DBObject($data) {
                $this->mData = $data;
        }

        function isLOB() {
                return false;
        }

        function data() {
                return $this->mData;
        }
}

/**
 * Utility class
 * @ingroup Database
 *
 * This allows us to distinguish a blob from a normal string and an array of strings
 */
class Blob {
        private $mData;
        function __construct($data) {
                $this->mData = $data;
        }
        function fetch() {
                return $this->mData;
        }
}

/**
 * Utility class.
 * @ingroup Database
 */
class MySQLField {
        private $name, $tablename, $default, $max_length, $nullable,
                $is_pk, $is_unique, $is_multiple, $is_key, $type;
        function __construct ($info) {
                $this->name = $info->name;
                $this->tablename = $info->table;
                $this->default = $info->def;
                $this->max_length = $info->max_length;
                $this->nullable = !$info->not_null;
                $this->is_pk = $info->primary_key;
                $this->is_unique = $info->unique_key;
                $this->is_multiple = $info->multiple_key;
                $this->is_key = ($this->is_pk || $this->is_unique || $this->is_multiple);
                $this->type = $info->type;
        }

        function name() {
                return $this->name;
        }

        function tableName() {
                return $this->tableName;
        }

        function defaultValue() {
                return $this->default;
        }

        function maxLength() {
                return $this->max_length;
        }

        function nullable() {
                return $this->nullable;
        }

        function isKey() {
                return $this->is_key;
        }

        function isMultipleKey() {
                return $this->is_multiple;
        }

        function type() {
                return $this->type;
        }
}

/******************************************************************************
 * Error classes
 *****************************************************************************/

/**
 * Database error base class
 * @ingroup Database
 */
class DBError extends MWException {
        public $db;

        /**
         * Construct a database error
         * @param $db Database object which threw the error
         * @param $error A simple error message to be used for debugging
         */
        function __construct( DatabaseBase &$db, $error ) {
                $this->db =& $db;
                parent::__construct( $error );
        }

        function getText() {
                global $wgShowDBErrorBacktrace;
                $s = $this->getMessage() . "\n";
                if ( $wgShowDBErrorBacktrace ) {
                        $s .= "Backtrace:\n" . $this->getTraceAsString() . "\n";
                }
                return $s;
        }
}

/**
 * @ingroup Database
 */
class DBConnectionError extends DBError {
        public $error;
        
        function __construct( DatabaseBase &$db, $error = 'unknown error' ) {
                $msg = 'DB connection error';
                if ( trim( $error ) != '' ) {
                        $msg .= ": $error";
                }
                $this->error = $error;
                parent::__construct( $db, $msg );
        }

        function useOutputPage() {
                // Not likely to work
                return false;
        }

        function useMessageCache() {
                // Not likely to work
                return false;
        }
        
        function getLogMessage() {
                # Don't send to the exception log
                return false;
        }

        function getPageTitle() {
                global $wgSitename, $wgLang;
                $header = "$wgSitename has a problem";
                if ( $wgLang instanceof Language ) {
                        $header = htmlspecialchars( $wgLang->getMessage( 'dberr-header' ) );
                }
                
                return $header;
        }

        function getHTML() {
                global $wgLang, $wgMessageCache, $wgUseFileCache, $wgShowDBErrorBacktrace;

                $sorry = 'Sorry! This site is experiencing technical difficulties.';
                $again = 'Try waiting a few minutes and reloading.';
                $info  = '(Can\'t contact the database server: $1)';

                if ( $wgLang instanceof Language ) {
                        $sorry = htmlspecialchars( $wgLang->getMessage( 'dberr-problems' ) );
                        $again = htmlspecialchars( $wgLang->getMessage( 'dberr-again' ) );
                        $info  = htmlspecialchars( $wgLang->getMessage( 'dberr-info' ) );
                }

                # No database access
                if ( is_object( $wgMessageCache ) ) {
                        $wgMessageCache->disable();
                }

                if ( trim( $this->error ) == '' ) {
                        $this->error = $this->db->getProperty('mServer');
                }

                $noconnect = "<p><strong>$sorry</strong><br />$again</p><p><small>$info</small></p>";
                $text = str_replace( '$1', $this->error, $noconnect );

                if ( $wgShowDBErrorBacktrace ) {
                        $text .= '<p>Backtrace:</p><p>' . nl2br( htmlspecialchars( $this->getTraceAsString() ) );
                }

                $extra = $this->searchForm();

                if( $wgUseFileCache ) {
                        try {
                                $cache = $this->fileCachedPage();
                                # Cached version on file system?
                                if( $cache !== null ) {
                                        # Hack: extend the body for error messages
                                        $cache = str_replace( array('</html>','</body>'), '', $cache );
                                        # Add cache notice...
                                        $cachederror = "This is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. ";
                                        # Localize it if possible...
                                        if( $wgLang instanceof Language ) {
                                                $cachederror = htmlspecialchars( $wgLang->getMessage( 'dberr-cachederror' ) );
                                        }
                                        $warning = "<div style='color:red;font-size:150%;font-weight:bold;'>$cachederror</div>";
                                        # Output cached page with notices on bottom and re-close body
                                        return "{$cache}{$warning}<hr />$text<hr />$extra</body></html>";
                                }
                        } catch( MWException $e ) {
                                // Do nothing, just use the default page
                        }
                }
                # Headers needed here - output is just the error message
                return $this->htmlHeader()."$text<hr />$extra".$this->htmlFooter();
        }

        function searchForm() {
                global $wgSitename, $wgServer, $wgLang, $wgInputEncoding;
                $usegoogle = "You can try searching via Google in the meantime.";
                $outofdate = "Note that their indexes of our content may be out of date.";
                $googlesearch = "Search";

                if ( $wgLang instanceof Language ) {
                        $usegoogle = htmlspecialchars( $wgLang->getMessage( 'dberr-usegoogle' ) );
                        $outofdate = htmlspecialchars( $wgLang->getMessage( 'dberr-outofdate' ) );
                        $googlesearch  = htmlspecialchars( $wgLang->getMessage( 'searchbutton' ) );
                }

                $search = htmlspecialchars(@$_REQUEST['search']);

                $trygoogle = <<<EOT
<div style="margin: 1.5em">$usegoogle<br />
<small>$outofdate</small></div>
<!-- SiteSearch Google -->
<form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search" id="googlesearch">
    <input type="hidden" name="domains" value="$wgServer" />
    <input type="hidden" name="num" value="50" />
    <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="$wgInputEncoding" />
    <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="$wgInputEncoding" />

    <img src="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" alt="" style="float:left; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 1.5em;" />

    <input type="text" name="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="$search" />
    <input type="submit" name="btnG" value="$googlesearch" />
  <div>
    <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gwiki" value="$wgServer" checked="checked" /><label for="gwiki">$wgSitename</label>
    <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gWWW" value="" /><label for="gWWW">WWW</label>
  </div>
</form>
<!-- SiteSearch Google -->
EOT;
                return $trygoogle;
        }

        function fileCachedPage() {
                global $wgTitle, $title, $wgLang, $wgOut;
                if( $wgOut->isDisabled() ) return; // Done already?
                $mainpage = 'Main Page';
                if ( $wgLang instanceof Language ) {
                        $mainpage    = htmlspecialchars( $wgLang->getMessage( 'mainpage' ) );
                }

                if( $wgTitle ) {
                        $t =& $wgTitle;
                } elseif( $title ) {
                        $t = Title::newFromURL( $title );
                } else {
                        $t = Title::newFromText( $mainpage );
                }

                $cache = new HTMLFileCache( $t );
                if( $cache->isFileCached() ) {
                        return $cache->fetchPageText();
                } else {
                        return '';
                }
        }
        
        function htmlBodyOnly() {
                return true;
        }

}

/**
 * @ingroup Database
 */
class DBQueryError extends DBError {
        public $error, $errno, $sql, $fname;
        
        function __construct( DatabaseBase &$db, $error, $errno, $sql, $fname ) {
                $message = "A database error has occurred\n" .
                  "Query: $sql\n" .
                  "Function: $fname\n" .
                  "Error: $errno $error\n";

                parent::__construct( $db, $message );
                $this->error = $error;
                $this->errno = $errno;
                $this->sql = $sql;
                $this->fname = $fname;
        }

        function getText() {
                global $wgShowDBErrorBacktrace;
                if ( $this->useMessageCache() ) {
                        $s = wfMsg( 'dberrortextcl', htmlspecialchars( $this->getSQL() ),
                                htmlspecialchars( $this->fname ), $this->errno, htmlspecialchars( $this->error ) ) . "\n";
                        if ( $wgShowDBErrorBacktrace ) {
                                $s .= "Backtrace:\n" . $this->getTraceAsString() . "\n";
                        }
                        return $s;
                } else {
                        return parent::getText();
                }
        }
        
        function getSQL() {
                global $wgShowSQLErrors;
                if( !$wgShowSQLErrors ) {
                        return $this->msg( 'sqlhidden', 'SQL hidden' );
                } else {
                        return $this->sql;
                }
        }
        
        function getLogMessage() {
                # Don't send to the exception log
                return false;
        }

        function getPageTitle() {
                return $this->msg( 'databaseerror', 'Database error' );
        }

        function getHTML() {
                global $wgShowDBErrorBacktrace;
                if ( $this->useMessageCache() ) {
                        $s = wfMsgNoDB( 'dberrortext', htmlspecialchars( $this->getSQL() ),
                          htmlspecialchars( $this->fname ), $this->errno, htmlspecialchars( $this->error ) );
                } else {
                        $s = nl2br( htmlspecialchars( $this->getMessage() ) );
                }
                if ( $wgShowDBErrorBacktrace ) {
                        $s .= '<p>Backtrace:</p><p>' . nl2br( htmlspecialchars( $this->getTraceAsString() ) );
                }
                return $s;
        }
}

/**
 * @ingroup Database
 */
class DBUnexpectedError extends DBError {}


/**
 * Result wrapper for grabbing data queried by someone else
 * @ingroup Database
 */
class ResultWrapper implements Iterator {
        var $db, $result, $pos = 0, $currentRow = null;

        /**
         * Create a new result object from a result resource and a Database object
         */
        function ResultWrapper( $database, $result ) {
                $this->db = $database;
                if ( $result instanceof ResultWrapper ) {
                        $this->result = $result->result;
                } else {
                        $this->result = $result;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get the number of rows in a result object
         */
        function numRows() {
                return $this->db->numRows( $this );
        }

        /**
         * Fetch the next row from the given result object, in object form.
         * Fields can be retrieved with $row->fieldname, with fields acting like
         * member variables.
         *
         * @param $res SQL result object as returned from Database::query(), etc.
         * @return MySQL row object
         * @throws DBUnexpectedError Thrown if the database returns an error
         */
        function fetchObject() {
                return $this->db->fetchObject( $this );
        }

        /**
         * Fetch the next row from the given result object, in associative array
         * form.  Fields are retrieved with $row['fieldname'].
         *
         * @param $res SQL result object as returned from Database::query(), etc.
         * @return MySQL row object
         * @throws DBUnexpectedError Thrown if the database returns an error
         */
        function fetchRow() {
                return $this->db->fetchRow( $this );
        }

        /**
         * Free a result object
         */
        function free() {
                $this->db->freeResult( $this );
                unset( $this->result );
                unset( $this->db );
        }

        /**
         * Change the position of the cursor in a result object
         * See mysql_data_seek()
         */
        function seek( $row ) {
                $this->db->dataSeek( $this, $row );
        }

        /*********************
         * Iterator functions
         * Note that using these in combination with the non-iterator functions
         * above may cause rows to be skipped or repeated.
         */

        function rewind() {
                if ($this->numRows()) {
                        $this->db->dataSeek($this, 0);
                }
                $this->pos = 0;
                $this->currentRow = null;
        }

        function current() {
                if ( is_null( $this->currentRow ) ) {
                        $this->next();
                }
                return $this->currentRow;
        }

        function key() {
                return $this->pos;
        }

        function next() {
                $this->pos++;
                $this->currentRow = $this->fetchObject();
                return $this->currentRow;
        }

        function valid() {
                return $this->current() !== false;
        }
}

/**
 * Used by DatabaseBase::buildLike() to represent characters that have special meaning in SQL LIKE clauses
 * and thus need no escaping. Don't instantiate it manually, use Database::anyChar() and anyString() instead.
 */
class LikeMatch {
        private $str;

        public function __construct( $s ) {
                $this->str = $s;
        }

        public function toString() {
                return $this->str;
        }
}