3 * Functions and constants to play with IP addresses and ranges
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8 * (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
16 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
17 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
18 * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
21 * @author Antoine Musso "<hashar at free dot fr>", Aaron Schulz
24 // Some regex definition to "play" with IP address and IP address blocks
26 // An IPv4 address is made of 4 bytes from x00 to xFF which is d0 to d255
27 define( 'RE_IP_BYTE', '(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|0?[0-9]?[0-9])' );
28 define( 'RE_IP_ADD', RE_IP_BYTE
. '\.' . RE_IP_BYTE
. '\.' . RE_IP_BYTE
. '\.' . RE_IP_BYTE
);
29 // An IPv4 block is an IP address and a prefix (d1 to d32)
30 define( 'RE_IP_PREFIX', '(3[0-2]|[12]?\d)' );
31 define( 'RE_IP_BLOCK', RE_IP_ADD
. '\/' . RE_IP_PREFIX
);
33 // An IPv6 address is made up of 8 words (each x0000 to xFFFF).
34 // However, the "::" abbreviation can be used on consecutive x0000 words.
35 define( 'RE_IPV6_WORD', '([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})' );
36 define( 'RE_IPV6_PREFIX', '(12[0-8]|1[01][0-9]|[1-9]?\d)' );
37 define( 'RE_IPV6_ADD',
38 '(?:' . // starts with "::" (including "::")
39 ':(?::|(?::' . RE_IPV6_WORD
. '){1,7})' .
40 '|' . // ends with "::" (except "::")
41 RE_IPV6_WORD
. '(?::' . RE_IPV6_WORD
. '){0,6}::' .
42 '|' . // contains one "::" in the middle (the ^ makes the test fail if none found)
43 RE_IPV6_WORD
. '(?::((?(-1)|:))?' . RE_IPV6_WORD
. '){1,6}(?(-2)|^)' .
44 '|' . // contains no "::"
45 RE_IPV6_WORD
. '(?::' . RE_IPV6_WORD
. '){7}' .
48 // An IPv6 block is an IP address and a prefix (d1 to d128)
49 define( 'RE_IPV6_BLOCK', RE_IPV6_ADD
. '\/' . RE_IPV6_PREFIX
);
50 // For IPv6 canonicalization (NOT for strict validation; these are quite lax!)
51 define( 'RE_IPV6_GAP', ':(?:0+:)*(?::(?:0+:)*)?' );
52 define( 'RE_IPV6_V4_PREFIX', '0*' . RE_IPV6_GAP
. '(?:ffff:)?' );
54 // This might be useful for regexps used elsewhere, matches any IPv6 or IPv6 address or network
55 define( 'IP_ADDRESS_STRING',
57 RE_IP_ADD
. '(?:\/' . RE_IP_PREFIX
. ')?' . // IPv4
59 RE_IPV6_ADD
. '(?:\/' . RE_IPV6_PREFIX
. ')?' . // IPv6
64 * A collection of public static functions to play with IP address
69 * Determine if a string is as valid IP address or network (CIDR prefix).
70 * SIIT IPv4-translated addresses are rejected.
71 * Note: canonicalize() tries to convert translated addresses to IPv4.
73 * @param string $ip possible IP address
76 public static function isIPAddress( $ip ) {
77 return (bool)preg_match( '/^' . IP_ADDRESS_STRING
. '$/', $ip );
81 * Given a string, determine if it as valid IP in IPv6 only.
82 * Note: Unlike isValid(), this looks for networks too.
84 * @param string $ip possible IP address
87 public static function isIPv6( $ip ) {
88 return (bool)preg_match( '/^' . RE_IPV6_ADD
. '(?:\/' . RE_IPV6_PREFIX
. ')?$/', $ip );
92 * Given a string, determine if it as valid IP in IPv4 only.
93 * Note: Unlike isValid(), this looks for networks too.
95 * @param string $ip possible IP address
98 public static function isIPv4( $ip ) {
99 return (bool)preg_match( '/^' . RE_IP_ADD
. '(?:\/' . RE_IP_PREFIX
. ')?$/', $ip );
103 * Validate an IP address. Ranges are NOT considered valid.
104 * SIIT IPv4-translated addresses are rejected.
105 * Note: canonicalize() tries to convert translated addresses to IPv4.
108 * @return Boolean: True if it is valid.
110 public static function isValid( $ip ) {
111 return ( preg_match( '/^' . RE_IP_ADD
. '$/', $ip )
112 ||
preg_match( '/^' . RE_IPV6_ADD
. '$/', $ip ) );
116 * Validate an IP Block (valid address WITH a valid prefix).
117 * SIIT IPv4-translated addresses are rejected.
118 * Note: canonicalize() tries to convert translated addresses to IPv4.
120 * @param $ipblock String
121 * @return Boolean: True if it is valid.
123 public static function isValidBlock( $ipblock ) {
124 return ( preg_match( '/^' . RE_IPV6_BLOCK
. '$/', $ipblock )
125 ||
preg_match( '/^' . RE_IP_BLOCK
. '$/', $ipblock ) );
129 * Convert an IP into a verbose, uppercase, normalized form.
130 * IPv6 addresses in octet notation are expanded to 8 words.
131 * IPv4 addresses are just trimmed.
133 * @param string $ip IP address in quad or octet form (CIDR or not).
136 public static function sanitizeIP( $ip ) {
141 if ( self
::isIPv4( $ip ) ||
!self
::isIPv6( $ip ) ) {
142 return $ip; // nothing else to do for IPv4 addresses or invalid ones
144 // Remove any whitespaces, convert to upper case
145 $ip = strtoupper( $ip );
146 // Expand zero abbreviations
147 $abbrevPos = strpos( $ip, '::' );
148 if ( $abbrevPos !== false ) {
149 // We know this is valid IPv6. Find the last index of the
150 // address before any CIDR number (e.g. "a:b:c::/24").
151 $CIDRStart = strpos( $ip, "/" );
152 $addressEnd = ( $CIDRStart !== false )
155 // If the '::' is at the beginning...
156 if ( $abbrevPos == 0 ) {
158 $extra = ( $ip == '::' ) ?
'0' : ''; // for the address '::'
159 $pad = 9; // 7+2 (due to '::')
160 // If the '::' is at the end...
161 } elseif ( $abbrevPos == ( $addressEnd - 1 ) ) {
164 $pad = 9; // 7+2 (due to '::')
165 // If the '::' is in the middle...
169 $pad = 8; // 6+2 (due to '::')
171 $ip = str_replace( '::',
172 str_repeat( $repeat, $pad - substr_count( $ip, ':' ) ) . $extra,
176 // Remove leading zeros from each bloc as needed
177 $ip = preg_replace( '/(^|:)0+(' . RE_IPV6_WORD
. ')/', '$1$2', $ip );
183 * Prettify an IP for display to end users.
184 * This will make it more compact and lower-case.
189 public static function prettifyIP( $ip ) {
190 $ip = self
::sanitizeIP( $ip ); // normalize (removes '::')
191 if ( self
::isIPv6( $ip ) ) {
192 // Split IP into an address and a CIDR
193 if ( strpos( $ip, '/' ) !== false ) {
194 list( $ip, $cidr ) = explode( '/', $ip, 2 );
196 list( $ip, $cidr ) = array( $ip, '' );
198 // Get the largest slice of words with multiple zeros
200 $longest = $longestPos = false;
202 '!(?:^|:)0(?::0)+(?:$|:)!', $ip, $m, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE
, $offset
204 list( $match, $pos ) = $m[0]; // full match
205 if ( strlen( $match ) > strlen( $longest ) ) {
209 $offset = ( $pos +
strlen( $match ) ); // advance
211 if ( $longest !== false ) {
212 // Replace this portion of the string with the '::' abbreviation
213 $ip = substr_replace( $ip, '::', $longestPos, strlen( $longest ) );
215 // Add any CIDR back on
216 if ( $cidr !== '' ) {
217 $ip = "{$ip}/{$cidr}";
219 // Convert to lower case to make it more readable
220 $ip = strtolower( $ip );
227 * Given a host/port string, like one might find in the host part of a URL
228 * per RFC 2732, split the hostname part and the port part and return an
229 * array with an element for each. If there is no port part, the array will
230 * have false in place of the port. If the string was invalid in some way,
233 * This was easy with IPv4 and was generally done in an ad-hoc way, but
234 * with IPv6 it's somewhat more complicated due to the need to parse the
235 * square brackets and colons.
237 * A bare IPv6 address is accepted despite the lack of square brackets.
239 * @param string $both The string with the host and port
242 public static function splitHostAndPort( $both ) {
243 if ( substr( $both, 0, 1 ) === '[' ) {
244 if ( preg_match( '/^\[(' . RE_IPV6_ADD
. ')\](?::(?P<port>\d+))?$/', $both, $m ) ) {
245 if ( isset( $m['port'] ) ) {
246 return array( $m[1], intval( $m['port'] ) );
248 return array( $m[1], false );
251 // Square bracket found but no IPv6
255 $numColons = substr_count( $both, ':' );
256 if ( $numColons >= 2 ) {
257 // Is it a bare IPv6 address?
258 if ( preg_match( '/^' . RE_IPV6_ADD
. '$/', $both ) ) {
259 return array( $both, false );
261 // Not valid IPv6, but too many colons for anything else
265 if ( $numColons >= 1 ) {
267 $bits = explode( ':', $both );
268 if ( preg_match( '/^\d+/', $bits[1] ) ) {
269 return array( $bits[0], intval( $bits[1] ) );
277 return array( $both, false );
281 * Given a host name and a port, combine them into host/port string like
282 * you might find in a URL. If the host contains a colon, wrap it in square
283 * brackets like in RFC 2732. If the port matches the default port, omit
284 * the port specification
286 * @param $host string
288 * @param $defaultPort bool|int
291 public static function combineHostAndPort( $host, $port, $defaultPort = false ) {
292 if ( strpos( $host, ':' ) !== false ) {
295 if ( $defaultPort !== false && $port == $defaultPort ) {
298 return "$host:$port";
303 * Given an unsigned integer, returns an IPv6 address in octet notation
305 * @param $ip_int String: IP address.
308 public static function toOctet( $ip_int ) {
309 return self
::hexToOctet( wfBaseConvert( $ip_int, 10, 16, 32, false ) );
313 * Convert an IPv4 or IPv6 hexadecimal representation back to readable format
315 * @param string $hex number, with "v6-" prefix if it is IPv6
316 * @return String: quad-dotted (IPv4) or octet notation (IPv6)
318 public static function formatHex( $hex ) {
319 if ( substr( $hex, 0, 3 ) == 'v6-' ) { // IPv6
320 return self
::hexToOctet( substr( $hex, 3 ) );
322 return self
::hexToQuad( $hex );
327 * Converts a hexadecimal number to an IPv6 address in octet notation
329 * @param $ip_hex String: pure hex (no v6- prefix)
330 * @return String (of format a:b:c:d:e:f:g:h)
332 public static function hexToOctet( $ip_hex ) {
333 // Pad hex to 32 chars (128 bits)
334 $ip_hex = str_pad( strtoupper( $ip_hex ), 32, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT
);
335 // Separate into 8 words
336 $ip_oct = substr( $ip_hex, 0, 4 );
337 for ( $n = 1; $n < 8; $n++
) {
338 $ip_oct .= ':' . substr( $ip_hex, 4 * $n, 4 );
341 $ip_oct = preg_replace( '/(^|:)0+(' . RE_IPV6_WORD
. ')/', '$1$2', $ip_oct );
347 * Converts a hexadecimal number to an IPv4 address in quad-dotted notation
349 * @param $ip_hex String: pure hex
350 * @return String (of format a.b.c.d)
352 public static function hexToQuad( $ip_hex ) {
353 // Pad hex to 8 chars (32 bits)
354 $ip_hex = str_pad( strtoupper( $ip_hex ), 8, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT
);
355 // Separate into four quads
357 for ( $i = 0; $i < 4; $i++
) {
361 $s .= base_convert( substr( $ip_hex, $i * 2, 2 ), 16, 10 );
368 * Determine if an IP address really is an IP address, and if it is public,
369 * i.e. not RFC 1918 or similar
374 public static function isPublic( $ip ) {
375 if ( self
::isIPv6( $ip ) ) {
376 return self
::isPublic6( $ip );
378 $n = self
::toUnsigned( $ip );
383 // ip2long accepts incomplete addresses, as well as some addresses
384 // followed by garbage characters. Check that it's really valid.
385 if ( $ip != long2ip( $n ) ) {
389 static $privateRanges = false;
390 if ( !$privateRanges ) {
391 $privateRanges = array(
392 array( '10.0.0.0', '10.255.255.255' ), # RFC 1918 (private)
393 array( '172.16.0.0', '172.31.255.255' ), # RFC 1918 (private)
394 array( '192.168.0.0', '192.168.255.255' ), # RFC 1918 (private)
395 array( '0.0.0.0', '0.255.255.255' ), # this network
396 array( '127.0.0.0', '127.255.255.255' ), # loopback
400 foreach ( $privateRanges as $r ) {
401 $start = self
::toUnsigned( $r[0] );
402 $end = self
::toUnsigned( $r[1] );
403 if ( $n >= $start && $n <= $end ) {
412 * Determine if an IPv6 address really is an IP address, and if it is public,
413 * i.e. not RFC 4193 or similar
418 private static function isPublic6( $ip ) {
419 static $privateRanges = false;
420 if ( !$privateRanges ) {
421 $privateRanges = array(
422 array( 'fc00::', 'fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff' ), # RFC 4193 (local)
423 array( '0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1', '0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1' ), # loopback
426 $n = self
::toHex( $ip );
427 foreach ( $privateRanges as $r ) {
428 $start = self
::toHex( $r[0] );
429 $end = self
::toHex( $r[1] );
430 if ( $n >= $start && $n <= $end ) {
439 * Return a zero-padded upper case hexadecimal representation of an IP address.
441 * Hexadecimal addresses are used because they can easily be extended to
442 * IPv6 support. To separate the ranges, the return value from this
443 * function for an IPv6 address will be prefixed with "v6-", a non-
444 * hexadecimal string which sorts after the IPv4 addresses.
446 * @param string $ip quad dotted/octet IP address.
449 public static function toHex( $ip ) {
450 if ( self
::isIPv6( $ip ) ) {
451 $n = 'v6-' . self
::IPv6ToRawHex( $ip );
453 $n = self
::toUnsigned( $ip );
454 if ( $n !== false ) {
455 $n = wfBaseConvert( $n, 10, 16, 8, false );
463 * Given an IPv6 address in octet notation, returns a pure hex string.
465 * @param string $ip octet ipv6 IP address.
466 * @return String: pure hex (uppercase)
468 private static function IPv6ToRawHex( $ip ) {
469 $ip = self
::sanitizeIP( $ip );
474 foreach ( explode( ':', $ip ) as $v ) {
475 $r_ip .= str_pad( $v, 4, 0, STR_PAD_LEFT
);
482 * Given an IP address in dotted-quad/octet notation, returns an unsigned integer.
483 * Like ip2long() except that it actually works and has a consistent error return value.
485 * @param string $ip quad dotted IP address.
486 * @return Mixed: string/int/false
488 public static function toUnsigned( $ip ) {
489 if ( self
::isIPv6( $ip ) ) {
490 $n = self
::toUnsigned6( $ip );
495 # On 32-bit platforms (and on Windows), 2^32 does not fit into an int,
496 # so $n becomes a float. We convert it to string instead.
497 if ( is_float( $n ) ) {
510 private static function toUnsigned6( $ip ) {
511 return wfBaseConvert( self
::IPv6ToRawHex( $ip ), 16, 10 );
515 * Convert a network specification in CIDR notation
516 * to an integer network and a number of bits
518 * @param string $range IP with CIDR prefix
519 * @return array(int or string, int)
521 public static function parseCIDR( $range ) {
522 if ( self
::isIPv6( $range ) ) {
523 return self
::parseCIDR6( $range );
525 $parts = explode( '/', $range, 2 );
526 if ( count( $parts ) != 2 ) {
527 return array( false, false );
529 list( $network, $bits ) = $parts;
530 $network = ip2long( $network );
531 if ( $network !== false && is_numeric( $bits ) && $bits >= 0 && $bits <= 32 ) {
535 $network &= ~
( ( 1 << ( 32 - $bits ) ) - 1 );
537 # Convert to unsigned
538 if ( $network < 0 ) {
539 $network +
= pow( 2, 32 );
546 return array( $network, $bits );
550 * Given a string range in a number of formats,
551 * return the start and end of the range in hexadecimal.
555 * 1.2.3.4 - 1.2.3.5 Explicit range
558 * 2001:0db8:85a3::7344/96 CIDR
559 * 2001:0db8:85a3::7344 - 2001:0db8:85a3::7344 Explicit range
560 * 2001:0db8:85a3::7344 Single IP
561 * @param string $range IP range
562 * @return array(string, string)
564 public static function parseRange( $range ) {
566 if ( strpos( $range, '/' ) !== false ) {
567 if ( self
::isIPv6( $range ) ) {
568 return self
::parseRange6( $range );
570 list( $network, $bits ) = self
::parseCIDR( $range );
571 if ( $network === false ) {
572 $start = $end = false;
574 $start = sprintf( '%08X', $network );
575 $end = sprintf( '%08X', $network +
pow( 2, ( 32 - $bits ) ) - 1 );
578 } elseif ( strpos( $range, '-' ) !== false ) {
579 list( $start, $end ) = array_map( 'trim', explode( '-', $range, 2 ) );
580 if ( self
::isIPv6( $start ) && self
::isIPv6( $end ) ) {
581 return self
::parseRange6( $range );
583 if ( self
::isIPv4( $start ) && self
::isIPv4( $end ) ) {
584 $start = self
::toUnsigned( $start );
585 $end = self
::toUnsigned( $end );
586 if ( $start > $end ) {
587 $start = $end = false;
589 $start = sprintf( '%08X', $start );
590 $end = sprintf( '%08X', $end );
593 $start = $end = false;
597 $start = $end = self
::toHex( $range );
599 if ( $start === false ||
$end === false ) {
600 return array( false, false );
602 return array( $start, $end );
607 * Convert a network specification in IPv6 CIDR notation to an
608 * integer network and a number of bits
612 * @return array(string, int)
614 private static function parseCIDR6( $range ) {
615 # Explode into <expanded IP,range>
616 $parts = explode( '/', IP
::sanitizeIP( $range ), 2 );
617 if ( count( $parts ) != 2 ) {
618 return array( false, false );
620 list( $network, $bits ) = $parts;
621 $network = self
::IPv6ToRawHex( $network );
622 if ( $network !== false && is_numeric( $bits ) && $bits >= 0 && $bits <= 128 ) {
626 # Native 32 bit functions WONT work here!!!
627 # Convert to a padded binary number
628 $network = wfBaseConvert( $network, 16, 2, 128 );
629 # Truncate the last (128-$bits) bits and replace them with zeros
630 $network = str_pad( substr( $network, 0, $bits ), 128, 0, STR_PAD_RIGHT
);
631 # Convert back to an integer
632 $network = wfBaseConvert( $network, 2, 10 );
639 return array( $network, (int)$bits );
643 * Given a string range in a number of formats, return the
644 * start and end of the range in hexadecimal. For IPv6.
647 * 2001:0db8:85a3::7344/96 CIDR
648 * 2001:0db8:85a3::7344 - 2001:0db8:85a3::7344 Explicit range
649 * 2001:0db8:85a3::7344/96 Single IP
653 * @return array(string, string)
655 private static function parseRange6( $range ) {
657 $range = IP
::sanitizeIP( $range );
659 if ( strpos( $range, '/' ) !== false ) {
660 list( $network, $bits ) = self
::parseCIDR6( $range );
661 if ( $network === false ) {
662 $start = $end = false;
664 $start = wfBaseConvert( $network, 10, 16, 32, false );
665 # Turn network to binary (again)
666 $end = wfBaseConvert( $network, 10, 2, 128 );
667 # Truncate the last (128-$bits) bits and replace them with ones
668 $end = str_pad( substr( $end, 0, $bits ), 128, 1, STR_PAD_RIGHT
);
670 $end = wfBaseConvert( $end, 2, 16, 32, false );
671 # see toHex() comment
672 $start = "v6-$start";
675 // Explicit range notation...
676 } elseif ( strpos( $range, '-' ) !== false ) {
677 list( $start, $end ) = array_map( 'trim', explode( '-', $range, 2 ) );
678 $start = self
::toUnsigned6( $start );
679 $end = self
::toUnsigned6( $end );
680 if ( $start > $end ) {
681 $start = $end = false;
683 $start = wfBaseConvert( $start, 10, 16, 32, false );
684 $end = wfBaseConvert( $end, 10, 16, 32, false );
686 # see toHex() comment
687 $start = "v6-$start";
691 $start = $end = self
::toHex( $range );
693 if ( $start === false ||
$end === false ) {
694 return array( false, false );
696 return array( $start, $end );
701 * Determine if a given IPv4/IPv6 address is in a given CIDR network
703 * @param string $addr the address to check against the given range.
704 * @param string $range the range to check the given address against.
705 * @return Boolean: whether or not the given address is in the given range.
707 public static function isInRange( $addr, $range ) {
708 $hexIP = self
::toHex( $addr );
709 list( $start, $end ) = self
::parseRange( $range );
711 return ( strcmp( $hexIP, $start ) >= 0 &&
712 strcmp( $hexIP, $end ) <= 0 );
716 * Convert some unusual representations of IPv4 addresses to their
717 * canonical dotted quad representation.
719 * This currently only checks a few IPV4-to-IPv6 related cases. More
720 * unusual representations may be added later.
722 * @param string $addr something that might be an IP address
723 * @return String: valid dotted quad IPv4 address or null
725 public static function canonicalize( $addr ) {
726 // remove zone info (bug 35738)
727 $addr = preg_replace( '/\%.*/', '', $addr );
729 if ( self
::isValid( $addr ) ) {
732 // Turn mapped addresses from ::ce:ffff:1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.4
733 if ( strpos( $addr, ':' ) !== false && strpos( $addr, '.' ) !== false ) {
734 $addr = substr( $addr, strrpos( $addr, ':' ) +
1 );
735 if ( self
::isIPv4( $addr ) ) {
739 // IPv6 loopback address
741 if ( preg_match( '/^0*' . RE_IPV6_GAP
. '1$/', $addr, $m ) ) {
744 // IPv4-mapped and IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses
745 if ( preg_match( '/^' . RE_IPV6_V4_PREFIX
. '(' . RE_IP_ADD
. ')$/i', $addr, $m ) ) {
748 if ( preg_match( '/^' . RE_IPV6_V4_PREFIX
. RE_IPV6_WORD
.
749 ':' . RE_IPV6_WORD
. '$/i', $addr, $m )
751 return long2ip( ( hexdec( $m[1] ) << 16 ) +
hexdec( $m[2] ) );
754 return null; // give up
758 * Gets rid of unneeded numbers in quad-dotted/octet IP strings
759 * For example, 127.111.113.151/24 -> 127.111.113.0/24
760 * @param string $range IP address to normalize
763 public static function sanitizeRange( $range ) {
764 list( /*...*/, $bits ) = self
::parseCIDR( $range );
765 list( $start, /*...*/ ) = self
::parseRange( $range );
766 $start = self
::formatHex( $start );
767 if ( $bits === false ) {
768 return $start; // wasn't actually a range
771 return "$start/$bits";